Good investigative interview techniques will help to calm or reassure them so that they can provide an accurate account. If you are at a police station ask to speak with Paul Crowley & Co solicitors on 01512646588 and a member of our legal team will attend and provide you with legal assistance within 45 minutes of receiving your call. TheMiranda warning(or Miranda rights) is the first thing you think of when wondering what do police say when they arrest you? However, this is the US version of what we know as the police caution. You may be interviewed under caution without being arrested. PACECode CNote 6D provides for the following examples of misconduct by the legal adviser: Prior to removing a legal adviser, the investigator must seek authority from a superintendent or above, or, if one is not readily available, an inspector. endstream endobj startxref PACECode C requires the use of special warning in certain circumstances. Vivien Lee dealing with my case could not have been more polite professional and helpful. PDF Simple Cautions guidance - GOV.UK ?_l) )Wo]5MV w3]S vp7pr1zf\o?sVl/f"[p&U5HY!cBJAsI 6qkTL\DS~&mQ In serious cases consideration should be given to the preparation of an adverse inference pack. Interviews are tape recorded and a transcript can be produced for the Court. xWlt=}>Y`Z?L3(y}VfZoq3-]DE4\b!{RFKM}DupC"woFQ^8{ rSdX+J+V@lm"V[V eVnt &+ord}\0+X~ZTauU+N{7rhY;V5a{Ob1g0U?Eq9ZS|s=uvK*}@/U$o|g2gTHg/5!ub_X"P-f( 5gZ# ~rsmi>fIylQL9?R&-@IHd-/XRx The venue should be private and secure to avoid interruptions. x K)Bz[~uUOCu),t!,9c0?~wxjspL'T,hs*]h6*\]vaQDL,OU>BHls.vdM b'vr/-KkZPU`.Ms It is a tactical decision and the investigator should consider whether doing so will improve the effectiveness of the interview and allow the suspect to give an accurate account. Expert legal advice for interviews under caution. There are five phases to the PEACE framework. Various question types may be used, but in witness interviews it is considered good practice to usefree recallto encourage the individual to give an account of the situation. Anything you do say may be given in evidence. Highly professional, responsive to client needs and very thorough. They have acted on my behalf twice now and have successfully won compensation for both cases. Custody Suite interview rooms can be used in exceptional circumstances. Establishing a rapport means being genuinely open, interested and approachable, as well as being interested in the interviewees feelingsor welfare. I will definitely recommend , Great solicitors. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. A police officer can arrest a person without a warrant if they have reasonable grounds to suspect that person of being guilty of a crime and this arrest is only exercisable if there are reasonable grounds for believing an arrest is necessary. Questioning of suspects - Investigation - Enforcement Guide - HSE A caution can be given to anyone over 10 years old for a minor offence such as graffiti. police caution wording scotland Sign in ontario median income. Before police can question someone about their suspected involvement in an offence (be that following arrest or voluntary attendance) they must formally caution the suspect as follows: "You do not have to say anything but it may harm your defence if you do not mention when questioned, something that you later rely on in Court. Suspects and their legal representatives must be made fully aware if remote monitoring of the interview is to take place. College of Policing. police caution wording scotland - smartpos.com.co Investigators can seek assistance from the following: It is essential toplan and prepare the pre-interview briefing. PDF Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 2016 - Scottish Legal Aid Board Given the nature of the caution, it applies when the police want to question a suspect and not simply (for example) to conduct a stop and search. This should be recorded and signed by the witness, in a pocket notebook if an alternative is not available. They were also very helpful with giving me great advice I would definitely use their services again in the near future I am very happy with the outcome of my case. endobj This information comes initially from three sources: The custody officer may be required to provide the following information: Removing a legal adviser from an interview is an extreme step. This is normally the case for more serious crimes where the police want a charge at the earliestopportunity and remand in custody may also be required. Only by having this information can the investigator be ready to submit a package to the court which illustrates why the jury shoulddraw an adverse inference. This helps them to prepare and plan a strategy for advising their client in the police station, particularly during an interview. Note: A link to the primary legislation on criminal procedure in Scotland is given above. The curious case of Nicola Sturgeon's resignation Legislation does not provide a specific form of wording for a special warning, but for an inference to be drawn it must be given in language . Law Society (2004) Police Station Skills for Legal Advisers. Following an interview, the interviewer needs to evaluate what has been said with a view to: Victims are also witnesses. police caution wording scotland - uling.eu Such references stood to be removed. Prior to the 2003 Act, an interviewer could refer to previous bad character. Investigators must be properly prepared. To receive medical attention if you are unwell. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Police and fiscal warnings, fixed penalty notices and compensation It is to be assumed, bearing in mind the frequency with which the words honest and dishonest appear in the criminal law, that Parliament deliberately chose the word untruthful to convey a different meaning, reflecting a defendants account of his behaviour, or lies told when committing an offence. The custody officer at the police station must explain your rights. Wednesday 9am 7pm Ltd. Facebook Twitter Linkedin Instagram. Prior to starting the interview, the interviewer may wish to ask the legal representative whether a prepared statement is likely to be produced. This permits the court or jury to draw adverse inferences from a suspects failure or refusal to account for objects, marks or substances in certain circumstances. Failure to do this may lead to an investigator conducting an interview in a manner which does not allow a court the opportunity to draw a proper inference. Developed by: Castle Liverpool SEO and Web Design, Accidents at Work police caution wording scotland. Bad character is evidence of, or a disposition towards, misconduct on the part of the defendant, rather than evidence relating to the facts in issue. Does the history of conviction(s) establish a propensity to commit offences of the kind charged? police caution wording scotland. Custody staff must be consulted and updated in these circumstances. An offender must not be given a simple caution for an either-way offence that has been specified by the Secretary of State unless a police officer of at least the rank of Inspector determines. police caution wording scotland - phaplynhadat.vn '|*'M=G>'IO'qW 3s In the latter stages of the interview, prior to the challenge phase. Our go to when one of your artist was wrongfully arrested by the police. Once you have been taken to a police station, you will be searched and held in a cell. A structure should, therefore, be in place for effective note-taking. There is also a requirement to determine whether the suspect requires an interpreter. Thanks to their service I have been able to put this experience behind me and move on.Would recommend. It took a year for the amazing good news to come out. You can complain about your treatment by the police. If I ever needed Higgs Newton Kenyon I again I wouldn't hesitate to contact them. Please do not provide any personal information, All content is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0, except for graphic assets and where otherwise stated, Fingerprints, photographs, samples and searches, complain about your treatment by the police, If a young person gets in trouble with the police, you're suspected of committing a crime, and the police want to question you about it, they have an arrest warrant for example because you didn't show up to court or you broke your community sentence conditions, you broke conditions of a civil interdict (a court order that stops you doing certain things) with a power to arrest, identify themselves as the police, especially if they are not in uniform, tell you the crime they think you've committed, tell you that you don't need to say anything other than giving your name, address, date and place of birth and nationality. This may include, for example, behavioural traits. Authorised and regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority with number 622823. Just this year, Senior Associate and Head of the action against the police department Demi Drurysecured 84,734 for one of our clientswho was arrested without any reasonable grounds. Np%p `a!2D4! How do I find out if my personal data has been breached? Lynne Hughes helped me with my case and was really understanding and empathetic. At the time of arrest, an officer must typically inform the accused of the following and confirm that they understand: inform of reason for arrest Charter of Rights caution / Right to Silence right to speak to a lawyer access to legal aid secondary police cautions Right to be Informed of Charges [ edit | edit source] Criminal Injuries Compensation Clicking the Accept All button means you are accepting analytics and third-party cookies (check the full list). police caution wording scotland - aima.org.af endstream endobj 567 0 obj <>stream This can include: Although the priorities and viewpoints of the police and legal advisers may differ, there should be mutualrespect for the professional role of each party. If they conclude that the suspect was acting unreasonably, they can draw an adverse inference from the failure to mention those facts. Where the investigator is aware that a statement has been prepared but is not submitted, the interview should be conducted as planned, based on the material available to the investigator at that time. The techniques of investigative interviewing will help investigators to achieve results in even the most unpromising circumstances. The success of the interview and, consequently, the investigation could depend on it. The plan should record who will be the lead interviewer, andwho is responsible for note-taking. The same goes for meeting the verbal procedure of arrest. N d}B?D@B>+-U b(6]8]PF(+IA9?prUtO29~tMP/P,NlKlKZ46D.R1'6 #D+nKyG"z{qm^Q?wEO=bA6l_uF~3T?KSDDM]6_\P^0e|>;NBp=O{( RH{ncm=4#0DVd^+Jc]2q%nwoCvx2J29@?@3T9j?Q^h It is a lengthy volume written in legalese and not for the faint hearted. Cautions Cautions are given to anyone aged 10 or over for minor crimes - for example writing graffiti on a bus shelter. Vivian Lee was amazing and her professional manner in which she dealt with me and the case was remarkable. Really, when the caution is given to you it is your signal to say nothing about the case until you speak with a solicitor. endstream Active listening assists the interviewer to establish and maintain a rapport. Questioning is not unfair merely because it is persistent. black tom explosion mandela; josh allen win loss record; trimcraft big pin. Highly recommend them, Like to say thank you to the team who help win the case against the police. National interview coordinator who is able to provide a wide range of advice in relation to operational, training and policy issues. An increasing body of empirical research, predominately conducted in the USA, Canada and UK, has considered caution intelligibility and has begun to question whether cautions are reliably communicating these rights as . The YOT is responsible for ensuring that effective Similarly, before conducting an interview the police must caution the suspect again. Sorry, you need to enable JavaScript to visit this website. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. In this post, HNK Solicitors will highlight what do police say when they arrest you and how it can affect the outcome of the criminal procedure. RESTRICTED . The provision only applies to criminal proceedings. Friday 9am 5pm Interviewers must not allow their personal opinions or beliefs to affect the way in which they deal with witnesses, victims or suspects. 2020 Saunders Law is the trading name of Saunders & Partners LLP a limited liability partnership, registered in England and Wales (OC400001). To see a written notice informing you of your rights these must be in your language and if not, an interpreter must be able to read the code of practice and written notice to you. The police and YOTs should work closely together for Youth Cautions to be fully effective. A witness interview should be structured using thePEACE framework. Yet in the curious case of Nicola Sturgeon things are not so straight forward. Interviewers should think about what they want to achieve by interviewing the victim, witness or suspect, and set objectives which will help to corroborate or disprove information already known. Michael has been so incredibly helpful and I would like to send him a massive thanks for everything he has done for me. People with clear or perceived vulnerabilities should be treated with particular care, and extra safeguards should be put in place. However, officers should consider whether an interview of this kind is appropriate in the circumstances, based on the offence in question, the suspects demeanour, the location proposed for the interview and the amount of notice that can be given. You do not have to say anything. There is no minimum number of offences which will go to show propensity. You have the right to a solicitor being in the room while the police question you. How is a police caution issued? - Police Caution Removal Solicitors Investigators are free to ask a wide range of questions in an interview in order to obtain material which may assist an investigation and provide sufficient evidence or information. Very efficient and professional. The emphasis is to check the accuracy of the account, identify potential lines of enquiry and then challenge an account if necessary. Statements may be taken at the scene immediately following an incident or at a later time or place, for example, at a police station, the witnesss home or another location. Any reference to a "Partner" is in reference to a Director or Shareholder of the company. location (having previously offended thereabout), nature of victim (for example, preys on older victims), specifics of modus operandi (method of entry, goods stolen, for example, antiques). as evidence (Police Scotland, 2015,p.9). To arrest you the police need reasonable grounds to suspect you're involved in a crime. As a result, these issues should be addressed in interview. Accepting a direct measure means you will not go to court or get a criminal conviction. For example, where an incident took place while the witness was travelling to work, the investigator may ask them to remember how they felt when they got into their vehicle that morning, what they saw as they left the house, what the weather was like, and the traffic. You have to admit an offence and. Sunday Closed. reasonable grounds for believing that the person's arrest is necessary. If the suspect is on bail, there is no power to detain them for the purpose of such questioning but they can be asked to remain voluntarilyand be interviewed about the content. Knowing what to say and when can make all the difference in how your case progresses. Do not assume that all suspects are going to lie, say nothing or provide a self-serving version of events. Click here for a full list of third-party plugins used on this site. Catastrophic Injuries Can personal data be shared without permission? 9J2/lCXZ=w0lWUY?f~164 DqX@K tat}Y|9hzS^:22|{.1INS;U;qmm a:`4F$-b~%Kq@\W8K3 gbq During the proceedings, the prosecutor can substantiate issues raised at interview and has a further opportunity to plead inclusion of bad character evidence according to events unfolding in the trial. Anything you do say may be given in evidence.either during your arrest of before questioning. The investigator may also wish to reassure the legal adviser that no other topics or questioning will be introduced other than those outlined, unless first mentioned by the suspect themselves. police caution wording scotland - supersmithycreations.com We will now use the money we got to help someone in need here in London. Anything you do say may be given in evidence. aaron anthony ethnicity; jill archer flapjacks; police caution wording scotland; 2 Thng By, 2021; are the aleutian islands worth visiting; Research in the United States (Grisso 1981), England and Wales (Fenner et al. The caution must be given at these stages as it acts as a trigger for a variety of rights including perhaps the most important of all: the right to legal advice. Diversionary youth conference If an. The leading cases in relation to prepared statements are: The statement should be assessed in the light of what is already known about the offence. The interviewing champion is responsible for overseeing the ongoing implementation and maintenance of the national investigative interviewing strategy in their force, which involves identifying innovations, supporting best practice and disseminating information. 30 nF AW9pi003`lP{j%3Absf E >c`lc`t 0:" F+s9H The main purpose of obtaining information in an interview is to further the enquiry by establishing facts. It should be takenonly if the legal advisers approach or conduct prevents, or unreasonably obstructs, questions being put to the suspect. The ability to tell someone where you are (unless you are held incommunicado). Interviewers should consider the following approaches when obtaining an account: When challenging false accounts or inconsistencies in a suspects account, the interviewer should not use a raised voice or inflammatory language as this can lead to a breakdown in rapport. % Even when a suspect exercises the right to silence, investigators have a responsibility to put questions to them. I am also very pleased with the outcome. Consistent performance Criminal investigation largely takes place away from the police station. Where there are grounds to suspect a person of an offence they must be cautioned if either their answers or silence could be given in evidence. xn0. To only allow the cookies that make the site work, click 'Use essential cookies only.' Potentially sensitive issues such as an interviewees sexual orientation or gender assignment should be approached tactfully, if these matters become relevant to the interview, the time a suspect has been in custody (investigators should be aware of the, the range of topics to be covered around identified time parameters (this may vary depending onwhether it is a witness or suspect interview), the points necessary to prove the potential offence(s) under investigation, any points which may be a defence for committing the offence(s) under investigation, material which suggests the suspect may have committed the offence, identified information which may assist the investigation, any other relevant points, for example, actus reus (guilty act), mens rea (guilty mind), intention, novalid defence, planning for a prepared statement, special warnings, adverse inference, significant commentsor silences, identify topics during the interview and, therefore, manage the conversation, communicate interest to the interviewee in their account, identify important evidential information, You are here because you have been arrested for (offence) or, You are here because you witnessed (offence/incident)., During this interview I will talk to you about (list objectives)., I will also ask you about anything else which may become relevant during the interview in order to properly establish the facts and issues., non-verbal behaviour such as adopting an appropriate posture and orientation towards, allowing the interviewee to pause so that they can search their memory, without interrupting. The police have powers to arrest you anywhere and at any time, including on the street, at home or at work. In Scotland, there are two possible cautions which may be given. z6 J crZi_ela=5P6. Caution and Arrest - Motorcycle Law Scotland ;HK%"&DLuJL8I9Z's2`fQ>); c Fantastic solicitors, they explained everything to me in great detail, I understood everything they said, always kind and well mannered on the phone and email, great experience with them. OR You will be released without charge and a report sent to the Procurator Fiscal. 0 It is, therefore, in the investigators interest to assist through efficient planning and preparation. This is a system which can be used in interviews to encourage interviewees to put themselves back into the situation they were in when they witnessed the incident. Any failure to do so can result in a civil action against the police claim. This can be difficult for officers who are not experienced in investigative interviewing. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Section 37 allows an inference to be drawn when a suspect was found by a constable at a place at or about the time the offence is alleged to have been committed and for which that constable has arrested them and the suspect fails or refuses to account for their presence there. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. I would highly recommend Higgs Newton Kenyon Solicitors. The suspect must be given an opportunity to respond to all the relevant questions and be given enough time to decide if they would like to respond. They will want to assess the strength of the prosecution case,advise their clientaccordingly. Notice of Intended Prosecution - A Guide - Roadtrafficlaw.com To control which cookies are set, click Settings. Ataped interview memo cardmay be a useful aide-memoire. When considering significant features, eg, aspects of the defendantsmodus operandi, the courts are encouraged not to view evidence of propensity too widely or too narrowly. Any referrals should be made with the consent of the witness. Where a prepared statement containing material that is new to the investigation is tendered at the point of charge, consideration may be given to interviewing the suspect about it if they are still in custody. The PEACE interview model also helps. If the case then proceeds to a prosecution, there is a requirement on the prosecution team to disclose all material that is likely to undermine the prosecution or assist the defence. Definitely recommend these solicitors. This outlines the circumstances where a suspect is found and arrested by a constable at a place at or about the time the offence was alleged to have beencommitted, and who failsor refuses to accountfor their presence inthat place at that particular time. Click here for a full list of Google Analytics cookies used on this site. The rules are different in Scotland. Would recommend. The police have ultimate responsibility for making decisions on the suitability of Youth Cautions but can ask the YOT to carry out a prior assessment of the young offender to inform this decision. An adult Police Caution is an out of court disposal designed to keep minor criminal allegations out of the court system - the objective is to provide quick and cost effective justice. Do you understand? Although the interviewer may ask a wide range of questions, the interviewing style must not be unfair or oppressive. The interviewer should avoid interrupting the interviewee when asking open questions. Individual characteristics should be taken into account when planning and preparing for an interview. TheNSSGIIhas clearly definedterms of reference. An inference can also be drawn when a defendant is silent on charge (s 34(1)(b)). This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. These should be identified during the planning and preparation stage. This page is from APP, the official source of professional practice for policing. In all cases investigators should ensure the suspect has sufficient time during the interview to adequately review the material, particularly wherespecial warningsare needed. I had to put very little effort in and I was kept continually up to date. "Threatening or Abusive Behaviour" - Criminal - Crime.Scot This increases public confidence in the police service, particularly with victims and witnesses of crime. breaking the account down into manageable topics, systematically probing those topics by means of open-ended and specific-closedquestionsuntil as full a picture as possible of the interviewees account has been obtained, examining any information, identified during the planning phase, that has notalready been covered, are useful at the beginning of an interview as they allow for a full, unrestricted account, produce answers which areless likely to have been influenced by the interviewer, can be used to elicit information that an interviewee has not yet provided inresponse to open-ended questions, may be used to clarify and extend an account that has been elicited through open-endedquestions, cover information important to the investigation that an interviewee has not already been mentioned, or to challenge, may have the potential disadvantage of restricting an interviewees account, interviewees might guess the answer by selecting one of the options given, interviewees might simply say yes in response to the question, leaving the interviewer to guesswhich part of the question the response applies to, or needing to ask a follow-up question to clarify it, the choice of answer given to the interviewee might not contain the correct information, for example,was it dark blue or light blue?, when it could have been medium blue, interviewee not knowing which part of the question to answer, the interviewer not knowing which part of the question the answer refers to, be used to introduce information not already mentioned, for example, What did, have an adverse influence on interviewees response, determining whether any further action is necessary, determining how the interviewees account fits in with the rest of the investigation, reflecting on the interviewers performance, asking the witness to provide an account of the relevant event(s) in their own words (for example,Earlier today you told me that you saw something last week, please tell me about that in your own words), adopting a posture of active listening, allowing the witness to pause, and using minimalprompts that do not go beyond the witnesss account, reflecting back what the witness has said, as appropriate, identifying manageable topics or episodes in the witnesss account to be expanded on and clarified, systematically probing each topic or episode, beginning with open questions using words such as tell me, explain, describe, before moving on to closed-specific questions (for example, what, where, when, how and why), avoiding topic-hopping (rapidly moving from one topic to another and back again), using forced-choice and leading questions only if it is essential to do so, systematically probing any information important to the investigation that the witness has not adequately covered, challenging the legal basis of police action, advising their client not to assist the prosecution case, rigorously exploring alternative outcomes to charging, attempting to persuade investigators that their client is not responsible for the offence in question, a solicitor who holds a current practising certificate, an accredited or probationary representative included on the register of representativesmaintained by the, investigate the police case, the prosecution evidence, the police investigation and all policecontact with, and conduct towards, the client, act in their clients best interest, providing best advice, assess the extent of the clients vulnerability and ability to comprehend, cope andcommunicate to best effect in any police interview, identify the safest responses by the client, for example, to remain silent, provide a written statementor to answer police questions, influence the police to accept their client is not guilty, influence the police not to charge their client, influence the police to make the most favourable case disposal decision for their client,implementing the most constructive alternative to charging relative to the circumstances of the case and the client, create the most favourable position for the client if they are charged, investigators compliance with the PEACE model of interviewing, suspects capability of coping physically and mentally with the interview, request clarity when the questions are unclear and ambiguous, prevent oppressive threatening or insulting questioning, prevent questioning based on material which has not been disclosed or summarised, object to questions which are not relevant to the offence under investigation, object to questions which are not directed at discovering whether and by whom the offencein question was committed, during the post-charge disclosure processes, the particulars of the suspects arrest and detention, their treatment and observance of their rights, what investigation has taken place or is being considered, what procedures have taken place or are being considered, for example, fingerprinting, intimate and non-intimate samples, whether the suspect is under arrest or is a volunteer (if a volunteer, there is no custody record unless taken into custody), the suspects state of health, physical condition or disability, whether an interview has already taken place, any significant statements/silences made on arrest or at time of detention, answering questions on the clients behalf, providing written replies for the client to quote, witness the behaviour themselves (which may include listening to tapes), be prepared to justify their reasons to a court, interview specialists and interview advisers, an outline of the offence for which the suspect has been arrested, the circumstances in which the suspect was arrested (which does not compromise theinterview plan), any significant comments, silences or material recovered at the time of arrest, the reasons why it is necessary to interview the suspect, covering, for example, innocentexplanations, self-defence, alibis, mitigation, details of the areas the investigator wishes to cover during an interview, including thesuspects movements, time parameters, knowledge of locations or the victim, where the briefing should be conducted, especially if this is the first time the investigator hasmet the legal adviser, for example, using an interview room or an appropriate office in the police station, how the investigator will respond to requests for further information from the legal adviser, whether there should be staged disclosure of the material recovered, recording what material has been disclosed prior to the interview either by audio-recordingor providing a handwritten or typed document, how the submission of a prepared statement and/or no comment interview will be managed, how admissions to the offence will be managed, any risk or disadvantage to the defence of the suspect, the suspects psychological or physical wellbeing or integrity, the strength of evidence against a suspect (Code C 11.6, 16.1, Notes 16AD), the suspects welfare or fitness for interview (Code C 12.3), the need to question or continue to question a suspect (Code C 11.111.6), the continued detention of a suspect (Code C 15.1 15.16, Notes 15 AG), the suitability of an appropriate adult or interpreter (Code C 1.7, Notes 1AH), the use of a particular identification procedure (Code D 1.11.7, Annex AF), obtaining intimate or non-intimate samples from the suspect (Code D 6.16.12, Notes 6A6F), disposal either by way of bail, charges or diversion (Code C 16.1), for further informationsee, testing for Class A drugs (Code C 17.117.14, Notes 17AG), downstream monitoring of interviews (Code E 4.84.9, Note 4F), for further information seeHome Office Circular 50/1995 Remote Monitoring of Interviews with Suspects, video-recording of interviews (Code F 3.13.6, Notes 3A3 F), any police officer or member of police staff concerned with the investigation or detentionof the suspect, the remote monitoring system should only be able to be operational when the tape recorder has been turned on, a light, which automatically illuminates upon activation of remote monitoring, should be visible to all in the interview room, all interview rooms with remote monitoring equipment should prominently display a notice referring to the capacity for remote monitoring and to bring attention to the fact that the warning light will illuminate to signify that remote monitoring is taking place, at the beginning of the interview, the contents of the notice must be explained to the suspect by the interviewing officer (the explanation itself should be recorded on the tape), the suspects custody record should include reference to the fact that an interview, or part of an interview, was remotely monitored.
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