2 0 obj What is the Transatlantic Accent? | The Transatlantic Accent So perhaps VE, short for Vehicular English, would . In 1927, Warner Bros and the Vitaphone Corporation released the very first feature-length talkie a black and white film called The Jazz Singer. A good tip I can give you (without going through everything I learned in a dialects class I took, in which we learned Stage Standard) is to start purifying your vowel sounds. The following distinctions are examples of this concept: Other distinctions before /r/ include the following: A table containing the consonant phonemes is given below:[75], This article is about the cultivated accent blending American and British English. Hot Chick. East London Accent Monologue. Then, in 1942, Edith Skinner a Broadway Consultant and student of William Tilly published a book called Speak with Distinction, which was the first codification of Tillys teachings and quickly become the manual for Hollywoods standard English. ( [3][55] Skinner, who referred to this accent as Good (American) Speech or Eastern (American) Standard, described it as the appropriate American pronunciation for "classics and elevated texts". [56] She vigorously drilled her students in learning the accent at the Carnegie Institute of Technology and, later, the Juilliard School. Linking R is used, but Skinner openly disapproved of intrusive R.[90][91] In Mid-Atlantic accents, intervocalic /r/'s and linking r's undergo liaison. And Carlyle says, yeah, John, I think the wogs on the Jamaican plantations should stay slaves. ( Ill molest it on the spot, I swear to God I will! <> He Just Wants You to Think He Is. Radios at that time offered very little bass, low-frequency tones that make up a large part of speech and musical sounds. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Im counting on you, you know that. An unpracticed, inexperienced Transatlantic voice-over will be detrimental to your production. My Fair Lady Audition Monologues Please choose one! Jessie Pettit - mandy.com How snoringly dull! The longer a sentence gets, the greater the amount of "shift" in the accent. %PDF-1.7 .ehsOqYO6dxn_Pf9Dzwu37{margin-top:0;overflow:visible}._2pFdCpgBihIaYh9DSMWBIu{height:24px}._2pFdCpgBihIaYh9DSMWBIu.uMPgOFYlCc5uvpa2Lbteu{border-radius:2px}._2pFdCpgBihIaYh9DSMWBIu.uMPgOFYlCc5uvpa2Lbteu:focus,._2pFdCpgBihIaYh9DSMWBIu.uMPgOFYlCc5uvpa2Lbteu:hover{background-color:var(--newRedditTheme-navIconFaded10);outline:none}._38GxRFSqSC-Z2VLi5Xzkjy{color:var(--newCommunityTheme-actionIcon)}._2DO72U0b_6CUw3msKGrnnT{border-top:none;color:var(--newCommunityTheme-metaText);cursor:pointer;padding:8px 16px 8px 8px;text-transform:none}._2DO72U0b_6CUw3msKGrnnT:hover{background-color:#0079d3;border:none;color:var(--newCommunityTheme-body);fill:var(--newCommunityTheme-body)} The Transatlantic accent grew out of style following the end of World War II. Listen to a clip of a Hitchcock movie (or any example of Transatlantic), write out a few phrases, and keep listening and repeating so that you can notate on your piece of text where the changes are from your own native dialect. (Bitterly, with fake Yank accent.) ._38lwnrIpIyqxDfAF1iwhcV{background-color:var(--newCommunityTheme-widgetColors-lineColor);border:none;height:1px;margin:16px 0}._37coyt0h8ryIQubA7RHmUc{margin-top:12px;padding-top:12px}._2XJvPvYIEYtcS4ORsDXwa3,._2Vkdik1Q8k0lBEhhA_lRKE,.icon._2Vkdik1Q8k0lBEhhA_lRKE{border-radius:100%;box-sizing:border-box;-ms-flex:none;flex:none;margin-right:8px}._2Vkdik1Q8k0lBEhhA_lRKE,.icon._2Vkdik1Q8k0lBEhhA_lRKE{background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:100%;height:54px;width:54px;font-size:54px;line-height:54px}._2Vkdik1Q8k0lBEhhA_lRKE._1uo2TG25LvAJS3bl-u72J4,.icon._2Vkdik1Q8k0lBEhhA_lRKE._1uo2TG25LvAJS3bl-u72J4{filter:blur()}.eGjjbHtkgFc-SYka3LM3M,.icon.eGjjbHtkgFc-SYka3LM3M{border-radius:100%;box-sizing:border-box;-ms-flex:none;flex:none;margin-right:8px;background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:100%;height:36px;width:36px}.eGjjbHtkgFc-SYka3LM3M._1uo2TG25LvAJS3bl-u72J4,.icon.eGjjbHtkgFc-SYka3LM3M._1uo2TG25LvAJS3bl-u72J4{filter:blur()}._3nzVPnRRnrls4DOXO_I0fn{margin:auto 0 auto auto;padding-top:10px;vertical-align:middle}._3nzVPnRRnrls4DOXO_I0fn ._1LAmcxBaaqShJsi8RNT-Vp i{color:unset}._2bWoGvMqVhMWwhp4Pgt4LP{margin:16px 0;font-size:12px;font-weight:400;line-height:16px}.icon.tWeTbHFf02PguTEonwJD0{margin-right:4px;vertical-align:top}._2AbGMsrZJPHrLm9e-oyW1E{width:180px;text-align:center}.icon._1cB7-TWJtfCxXAqqeyVb2q{cursor:pointer;margin-left:6px;height:14px;fill:#dadada;font-size:12px;vertical-align:middle}.hpxKmfWP2ZiwdKaWpefMn{background-color:var(--newCommunityTheme-active);background-size:cover;background-image:var(--newCommunityTheme-banner-backgroundImage);background-position-y:center;background-position-x:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;border-radius:3px 3px 0 0;height:34px;margin:-12px -12px 10px}._20Kb6TX_CdnePoT8iEsls6{-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-bottom:8px}._20Kb6TX_CdnePoT8iEsls6>*{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}.t9oUK2WY0d28lhLAh3N5q{margin-top:-23px}._2KqgQ5WzoQRJqjjoznu22o{display:inline-block;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;position:relative}._2D7eYuDY6cYGtybECmsxvE{-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}._2D7eYuDY6cYGtybECmsxvE:hover{text-decoration:underline}._19bCWnxeTjqzBElWZfIlJb{font-size:16px;font-weight:500;line-height:20px;display:inline-block}._2TC7AdkcuxFIFKRO_VWis8{margin-left:10px;margin-top:30px}._2TC7AdkcuxFIFKRO_VWis8._35WVFxUni5zeFkPk7O4iiB{margin-top:35px}._1LAmcxBaaqShJsi8RNT-Vp{padding:0 2px 0 4px;vertical-align:middle}._2BY2-wxSbNFYqAy98jWyTC{margin-top:10px}._3sGbDVmLJd_8OV8Kfl7dVv{font-family:Noto Sans,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:400;line-height:21px;margin-top:8px;word-wrap:break-word}._1qiHDKK74j6hUNxM0p9ZIp{margin-top:12px}.Jy6FIGP1NvWbVjQZN7FHA,._326PJFFRv8chYfOlaEYmGt,._1eMniuqQCoYf3kOpyx83Jj,._1cDoUuVvel5B1n5wa3K507{-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;margin-top:12px;width:100%}._1eMniuqQCoYf3kOpyx83Jj{margin-bottom:8px}._2_w8DCFR-DCxgxlP1SGNq5{margin-right:4px;vertical-align:middle}._1aS-wQ7rpbcxKT0d5kjrbh{border-radius:4px;display:inline-block;padding:4px}._2cn386lOe1A_DTmBUA-qSM{border-top:1px solid var(--newCommunityTheme-widgetColors-lineColor);margin-top:10px}._2Zdkj7cQEO3zSGHGK2XnZv{display:inline-block}.wzFxUZxKK8HkWiEhs0tyE{font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:16px;color:var(--newCommunityTheme-button);cursor:pointer;text-align:left;margin-top:2px}._3R24jLERJTaoRbM_vYd9v0._3R24jLERJTaoRbM_vYd9v0._3R24jLERJTaoRbM_vYd9v0{display:none}.yobE-ux_T1smVDcFMMKFv{font-size:16px;font-weight:500;line-height:20px}._1vPW2g721nsu89X6ojahiX{margin-top:12px}._pTJqhLm_UAXS5SZtLPKd{text-transform:none} In the life of Mill? If theyre in the film industry theyll ooze Hollywood wherever they live, trust me. Are you sure you dont want to ask Sharon to stay and serve? There, people with years of private school training in r-less pronunciation and switching whs to hws (white or which become hwite and hwich) abounded. ( ._1sDtEhccxFpHDn2RUhxmSq{font-family:Noto Sans,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:400;line-height:18px;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap}._1d4NeAxWOiy0JPz7aXRI64{color:var(--newCommunityTheme-metaText)}.icon._3tMM22A0evCEmrIk-8z4zO{margin:-2px 8px 0 0} And I cant even find a pair of earrings to match this . We cant put it off, theyll suppose were incompetent, what do you think? For the first time ever, the voices of cinema superstars started to be heard on the big screen. Youve got to save me from myself. Does anyone else's internal monologue have the Transatlantic accent w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr Paul Meier Dialect Services: accent and dialect training I'm quoting from the Wikipedia article on lingua franca here. <> [74], A codified version of the Mid-Atlantic accent, American Theatre Standard, advocated by voice coaches like Edith Skinner ("Good Speech" as she called it) and Margaret Prendergast McLean, was once widely taught in acting schools of the early-mid-20th century.[75]. stream ( It basically had an American intonation but without the rhoticism. In its prime, though, the accent was a symbol of the idealized nature of television and film. The Boston accent has brought many an actor to grief, especially these days as films about the city just keep coming. It makes perfect sense. Old School. "Standard Speech". sound file (mp3) Jessie's Voice Reel. Soon enough, mastery of the accent became a prerequisite for actors trying to break into the industry. (Fiona swigs her wine. The History of the Mid-Atlantic Accent - ba-bamail.com 4 0 obj right in the kisser. Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis, 2021(4), 227-245. New York. Lots of actors used to speak in that way to be appealing to audiences in the UK and the US. Now we can all sound like Stewie Griffin! Disclaimer: Some of the articles on Mighty Actor include affiliate links to sites like Amazon, Skillshare, and others. 1. The Trans-Atlantic Accent (or the Mid-Atlantic Accent) was a style of speech taught in affluent schools along the East Coast and in Hollywood Film Studios from the late nineteen tens until the mid-forties. In America there was a slightly tweaked version known as the Mid-Atlantic or Transatlantic accent.This was a consciously learned blend of English RP and Standard American popular among boarding schools, actors, and Hollywood.Think of Cary Grant's distinctive plummy tones, or if you prefer a retrospective example, Pete Campbell in Mad Men. Beyond that: pronouncing the "h" sound in wh- words (wHat, wHy); phonating the "yie" sound after t, d, n, l and s (Tuesday --> TYOOsdih); and speaking of Tuesday, words ending in a y will usually go to an "ih" sound. Enjoy it? However, when preceded by a short vowel, the // is elided. How To Talk With a Boston Accent (Not for the Faint of Haht) The Trans-Atlantic accent may have made it difficult to tell what street someone grew up on, but it was probably a street with white picket fences and expensive private schools. https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/08/the-rise-and-fall-of-katharine-hepburns-fake-accent/278505/ PDF My Fair Lady Audition Monologues - Theatre Cedar Rapids What are the main features of the transatlantic accent? - Quora video file (mp4) Running/Tennis . I find it easier to understand when the pronunciation is spelt out (like you have in your comment). 2. Like them? \ Gee, this is a great little country you got here, honey. ( Its distinctive sound is part of what defines the style of the Golden Age of Hollywood. .LalRrQILNjt65y-p-QlWH{fill:var(--newRedditTheme-actionIcon);height:18px;width:18px}.LalRrQILNjt65y-p-QlWH rect{stroke:var(--newRedditTheme-metaText)}._3J2-xIxxxP9ISzeLWCOUVc{height:18px}.FyLpt0kIWG1bTDWZ8HIL1{margin-top:4px}._2ntJEAiwKXBGvxrJiqxx_2,._1SqBC7PQ5dMOdF0MhPIkA8{vertical-align:middle}._1SqBC7PQ5dMOdF0MhPIkA8{-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center} The Trans-Atlantic Accent (or the Mid-Atlantic Accent) was a style of speech taught in affluent schools along the East Coast and in Hollywood Film Studios from the late nineteen tens until the mid-forties. "A Midsummer Night in the OC" by D. Tupper McKnight "A modern interpretation of the jealous maiden, Helena's. It was meant to sound like a blend of American and British English in order "for actors to have a . [7] More recently, the term "mid-Atlantic accent" can also refer to any accent with a perceived mixture of American and British characteristics. So Mill pops him one whammo! endobj xZ[o6~7p&5(` Ma0{P$&X,md*|",%C:8B~O'trN 8+,nqbdJ>z[wpt.?at&|/xo9L.A9HfN'8 D.xc(ls It was of nowhere in particular, but rather handsome all the same. Mid-Atlantic Accent - All The Tropes Cant have a sexless marriage, lady. ( I can neither confirm nor deny there could possibly might be a torrent of his works, but my gut says maybe. ( World English originally attracted some followers amongst New York City public-school teachers and English-language learners, but it would take a major cinematic event for the accent to enter the mainstream of societys upper-echelons. (1997). Still, the Mid-Atlantic accent isn't an American invention, as its origins can be traced back to an Australian phonetician William Tilly, who taught at Columbia University between 1918 and 1935. . (She yanks a comb through her hair as she says each name. By the mid-forties, though, Americans were no longer buying the neutrality argument. [45] "Linking r" appears in Roosevelt's delivery of the words "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself"; this pronunciation of r is also famously recorded in his Pearl Harbor speech, for example, in the phrase "naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan". (Incredulous.) N}k]N]O" I'OI!uB* /'! What IS a Mid Atlantic Accent and why would you want one? And theres Carlyle. No, youre right, we gotta think positive. [64] Actor and singer David Cassidy noted that his father, Jack Cassidy, used the Mid-Atlantic accent.[65]. ._1aTW4bdYQHgSZJe7BF2-XV{display:-ms-grid;display:grid;-ms-grid-columns:auto auto 42px;grid-template-columns:auto auto 42px;column-gap:12px}._3b9utyKN3e_kzVZ5ngPqAu,._21RLQh5PvUhC6vOKoFeHUP{font-size:16px;font-weight:500;line-height:20px}._21RLQh5PvUhC6vOKoFeHUP:before{content:"";margin-right:4px;color:#46d160}._22W-auD0n8kTKDVe0vWuyK,._244EzVTQLL3kMNnB03VmxK{display:inline-block;word-break:break-word}._22W-auD0n8kTKDVe0vWuyK{font-weight:500}._22W-auD0n8kTKDVe0vWuyK,._244EzVTQLL3kMNnB03VmxK{font-size:12px;line-height:16px}._244EzVTQLL3kMNnB03VmxK{font-weight:400;color:var(--newCommunityTheme-metaText)}._2xkErp6B3LSS13jtzdNJzO{-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:2px}._2xkErp6B3LSS13jtzdNJzO ._22W-auD0n8kTKDVe0vWuyK{font-size:12px;font-weight:400;line-height:16px;margin-right:4px;margin-left:4px;color:var(--newCommunityTheme-actionIcon)}._2xkErp6B3LSS13jtzdNJzO .je4sRPuSI6UPjZt_xGz8y{border-radius:4px;box-sizing:border-box;height:21px;width:21px}._2xkErp6B3LSS13jtzdNJzO .je4sRPuSI6UPjZt_xGz8y:nth-child(2),._2xkErp6B3LSS13jtzdNJzO .je4sRPuSI6UPjZt_xGz8y:nth-child(3){margin-left:-9px} A vehicular language is one that "goes beyond the boundaries of its original community and is used as a second language for communication between communities.". Home Beyond Words The Trans-Atlantic Accent: The Rise and Fall of a Hollywood Trend. Also, watch Jackie Kennedy's White House tour over and over again. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_accent#cite_note-20 I've been trying to read "Speak With Distinction" but so far, it really isn't helping me. (Beat.) She studied Written Arts at Bard College, and her fiction has appeared in Easy Street and Adelaide Magazine. The Transatlantic accent, also called a Mid-Atlantic accent, is a way of speaking English that is halfway between American and British. ( [17], World English as a phonetically consistent version of Mid-Atlantic pronunciation was advocated most strongly from the 1920s to the mid-1940s and was particularly embraced in this period within Northeastern independent preparatory schools mostly accessible to and supported by aristocratic American families. Although most of its speakers including Julia Child, Franklin D. and Eleanor Roosevelt, Jackie Kennedy Onassis, Bette Davis, and Norman Mailer hailed from the Northeastern United States, the accent they shared could hardly be called a regional dialect. Strange, then, that other famed male. ( ( 7 0 obj ]Z?oA{1Mj.u 72? Though the accent has long since lost its allure, contemporary film and television do make occasional nods to it, often as a historical time-marker or as a subject for easy satire. What's interesting about the Transatlantic accent is that it didn't naturally evolve like accents normally do, instead, it was taught. World English would eventually define the pronunciation of American classical actors for decades, though Tilly himself actually had no special interest in acting. [46], After the accent's decline following the end of World War II, this American version of a "posh" accent has all but disappeared even among the American upper classes, as Americans have increasingly dissociated from the effete speaking styles of the East Coast elite;[13] if anything, the accent is now subject to ridicule in American popular culture. ( The Transatlantic dialect is frequently mistaken for British because of those open vowels as well as a reduction in "r-coloring" - for example, the word "carpenter" will sound like "CAH-pen-teh" (unless the next word begins with a vowel, in which case the r may be elided with that next word). Hire Transatlantic Voice Actors Online | Voquent You see, there is absolutely no trace of this accent arising naturally. } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br Zi@P8 v#/5Zg3mV{X]xT=`Ft\TZg$FIQ/=@f{OyRg-wU0?OO|}9iw1q o28 f-ovq=3@htk[gfV5hiqvsqr\1+}+Su Z9aE2mU+V_QH.Ybnc y-o#(+5VzI!lVVs#C_ik;Bm& .\j$EN0(n"4\"G >Vg %kGVj>2/sd[6m@ No! endobj And conversely, bad English accents done by Americans sound like they watched old reruns of Upstairs Downstairs on Masterpiece Theatre. iB5+'i!6HB9aP15a.j)Z}DHrS `^D]bt%KwY;UZo?hRnPrRdp+5Kyw( 1+](}}F-FQ}N. Orson Welles, Shakespeare, and Popular Culture. Columbia University Press. ( In Star Wars, Darth Vaders deep baritone version of it is used to emphasize his position of high authority, and Princess Leia and Queen Amidala switch the accent on and off, utilizing it only when theyre involved in formal political discussions; in American Horror Story: Hotel, serial killer James Patrick March and his accomplice Miss Evers both have the accent, which is used to mark them as members of the 1920s upper class. If you were to walk down a Boston or New York City street in 1925, youd find a similar hodge-podge of accents to the ones boasted by native New Yorkers today. Fiona and her quiet banker husband Nick are having Bernie Greenfield, an indie film producer from New York, and his wife Lori over for dinner at their London home. ( Thered be lots of h-dropping the pronunciation of words like human or huge as you-man and yuge (think Bernie Sanders) and plenty of that classic Brooklynite charm found in phrases like ovah theah deah. In fact, the only places youd be likely to run into the Trans-Atlantic Accent at all might be the Upper West Side or other affluent neighborhoods. Maybe Edith Skinner has spelt out pronunciations and I just haven't found them yet, but just the PDF on its own just leaves me more confused. This means that people in the United States were taught to speak in this voice. ( In the New York metropolitan area, particularly including its affluent Westchester County suburbs and the North Shore of Long Island, other terms for the local Transatlantic pronunciation and accompanying facial behavior include "Locust Valley lockjaw" or "Larchmont lockjaw", named for the stereotypical clenching of the speaker's jaw muscles to achieve an exaggerated enunciation quality. https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/08/language-mystery-when-did-americans-stop-sounding-this-way/243326/. video file (mov) Terra Hale Fitness Video. Rather, it's an accent that was taught to actors and announcers. Pick it up at a top boarding school in America before the 1960s. PEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPAF0q^ xEmy*]DfE0@%A8VXe:e'&ZC-i$ckcJ mf{}:(i&,7Y{$"9>XyF9 ?s4./Un.wf. Mmn)^L+ Language Mystery: When Did Americans Stop Sounding This Way? Yes, well have to show them where all the McDonalds are, and take them to the Guinness Book of Records Museum. Its ironic, actually. ( ._2cHgYGbfV9EZMSThqLt2tx{margin-bottom:16px;border-radius:4px}._3Q7WCNdCi77r0_CKPoDSFY{width:75%;height:24px}._2wgLWvNKnhoJX3DUVT_3F-,._3Q7WCNdCi77r0_CKPoDSFY{background:var(--newCommunityTheme-field);background-size:200%;margin-bottom:16px;border-radius:4px}._2wgLWvNKnhoJX3DUVT_3F-{width:100%;height:46px} endstream Instead, the Transatlantic accent has always been the speech of the elites, kind of like RP English in the United Kingdom. ( British actors who are horrendous at American accents : r/movies - reddit Whether you abhor the accent for its woeful pretentiousness or adore its trilling, all-treble sound, I think we can all agree on one thing: the era of the Trans-Atlantic accent gave us some pretty incredible cinema. Early recordings of prominent Americans born in the middle of the 19th century provide some insight into their adoption or not of a carefully employed non-rhotic Mid-Atlantic speaking style. ( Both clips offer great examples of speakers with the transatlantic accent. The lack of r's in transatlantic English partly due to the fact that during its development, the prestige accent of Great Britain, known as Received . The old movie accent is primarily the Transatlantic accent or mid-Atlantic accent for a good reason. Violence? This dialect has certain characteristics in common with Received Pronunciation (of British English) and the Transatlantic accent. [18] From the 1920s to 1940s, the "World English" of William Tilly, and his followers' slight variations of it taught in classes of theatre and oratory, became popular affectations onstage and in other forms of high culture in North America. ", "American Horror Story Just Gave Us a Glimpse of Leonardo DiCaprios Next Big Role", "Language Mystery: When Did Americans Stop Sounding This Way? "Marry" is pronounced with a different vowel altogether. ._1EPynDYoibfs7nDggdH7Gq{margin-bottom:8px;position:relative}._1EPynDYoibfs7nDggdH7Gq._3-0c12FCnHoLz34dQVveax{max-height:63px;overflow:hidden}._1zPvgKHteTOub9dKkvrOl4{font-family:Noto Sans,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:21px;font-weight:400;word-wrap:break-word}._1dp4_svQVkkuV143AIEKsf{-ms-flex-align:baseline;align-items:baseline;background-color:var(--newCommunityTheme-body);bottom:-2px;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap;padding-left:2px;position:absolute;right:-8px}._5VBcBVybCfosCzMJlXzC3{font-family:Noto Sans,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:400;line-height:21px;color:var(--newCommunityTheme-bodyText)}._3YNtuKT-Is6XUBvdluRTyI{position:relative;background-color:0;color:var(--newCommunityTheme-metaText);fill:var(--newCommunityTheme-metaText);border:0;padding:0 8px}._3YNtuKT-Is6XUBvdluRTyI:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border-radius:9999px;background:var(--newCommunityTheme-metaText);opacity:0}._3YNtuKT-Is6XUBvdluRTyI:hover:before{opacity:.08}._3YNtuKT-Is6XUBvdluRTyI:focus{outline:none}._3YNtuKT-Is6XUBvdluRTyI:focus:before{opacity:.16}._3YNtuKT-Is6XUBvdluRTyI._2Z_0gYdq8Wr3FulRLZXC3e:before,._3YNtuKT-Is6XUBvdluRTyI:active:before{opacity:.24}._3YNtuKT-Is6XUBvdluRTyI:disabled,._3YNtuKT-Is6XUBvdluRTyI[data-disabled],._3YNtuKT-Is6XUBvdluRTyI[disabled]{cursor:not-allowed;filter:grayscale(1);background:none;color:var(--newCommunityTheme-metaTextAlpha50);fill:var(--newCommunityTheme-metaTextAlpha50)}._2ZTVnRPqdyKo1dA7Q7i4EL{transition:all .1s linear 0s}.k51Bu_pyEfHQF6AAhaKfS{transition:none}._2qi_L6gKnhyJ0ZxPmwbDFK{transition:all .1s linear 0s;display:block;background-color:var(--newCommunityTheme-field);border-radius:4px;padding:8px;margin-bottom:12px;margin-top:8px;border:1px solid var(--newCommunityTheme-canvas);cursor:pointer}._2qi_L6gKnhyJ0ZxPmwbDFK:focus{outline:none}._2qi_L6gKnhyJ0ZxPmwbDFK:hover{border:1px solid var(--newCommunityTheme-button)}._2qi_L6gKnhyJ0ZxPmwbDFK._3GG6tRGPPJiejLqt2AZfh4{transition:none;border:1px solid var(--newCommunityTheme-button)}.IzSmZckfdQu5YP9qCsdWO{cursor:pointer;transition:all .1s linear 0s}.IzSmZckfdQu5YP9qCsdWO ._1EPynDYoibfs7nDggdH7Gq{border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:4px;transition:all .1s linear 0s}.IzSmZckfdQu5YP9qCsdWO:hover ._1EPynDYoibfs7nDggdH7Gq{border:1px solid var(--newCommunityTheme-button);padding:4px}._1YvJWALkJ8iKZxUU53TeNO{font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:16px;color:var(--newCommunityTheme-button)}._3adDzm8E3q64yWtEcs5XU7{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}._3adDzm8E3q64yWtEcs5XU7 ._3jyKpErOrdUDMh0RFq5V6f{-ms-flex:100%;flex:100%}._3adDzm8E3q64yWtEcs5XU7 .dqhlvajEe-qyxij0jNsi0{color:var(--newCommunityTheme-button)}._3adDzm8E3q64yWtEcs5XU7 ._12nHw-MGuz_r1dQx5YPM2v,._3adDzm8E3q64yWtEcs5XU7 .dqhlvajEe-qyxij0jNsi0{font-size:12px;font-weight:700;line-height:16px;cursor:pointer;-ms-flex-item-align:end;align-self:flex-end;-webkit-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none}._3adDzm8E3q64yWtEcs5XU7 ._12nHw-MGuz_r1dQx5YPM2v{color:var(--newCommunityTheme-button);margin-right:8px;color:var(--newCommunityTheme-errorText)}._3zTJ9t4vNwm1NrIaZ35NS6{font-family:Noto Sans,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:21px;font-weight:400;word-wrap:break-word;width:100%;padding:0;border:none;background-color:transparent;resize:none;outline:none;cursor:pointer;color:var(--newRedditTheme-bodyText)}._2JIiUcAdp9rIhjEbIjcuQ-{resize:none;cursor:auto}._2I2LpaEhGCzQ9inJMwliNO,._42Nh7O6pFcqnA6OZd3bOK{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;vertical-align:middle}._42Nh7O6pFcqnA6OZd3bOK{fill:var(--newCommunityTheme-button);color:var(--newCommunityTheme-button);height:16px;width:16px;margin-bottom:2px} .FIYolDqalszTnjjNfThfT{max-width:256px;white-space:normal;text-align:center} [4] The accent was embraced in private independent preparatory schools, especially by members of the American Northeastern upper class, as well as in schools for film and stage acting,[5] with its overall use sharply declining after the Second World War. I know what type he is from our chats on the phone. Sociolinguist William Labov et al. Im trying to look like a flashy corporate wheeler-dealer. As the technology improved, the need to .
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