Abnormality results from the interaction of genetic, emotional, and cultural influences. c. primary process thought. She is very open about herself and shares her thoughts and opinions freely. 111. So the dog now reliably salivates at the sound of the bell because he expects that food will follow, and it does. c. emphasizes the importance of having a positive outlook. c. operant conditioning. Rogers stated that the humanistic therapist should be warm, understanding, supportive, respectful, and accepting of his/her clients. Step 1 Neurons waiting to fire are said to be in, Step 2 If adequately stimulated, the neuron experiences an, Step 3 Once the action potential passes from one segment of the axon to the next, the previous segment begins to, Step 4 After the neuron fires, it will not fire again no matter how much stimulation it receives. c. operant conditioning. Receptor cells in each of the five sensory systems detect energy. b. early childhood trauma. b. the libido. d. psychoanalytic therapy. Show: All Cards 109 1 The earliest major psychological model of abnormal behavior was the cognitive model 2 Attempts to understand the biological basis of depression has linked it to imbalances in -norepinephrine and serotonin 3 Fannie goes to a humanist therapist. A person who is isolated and lacks social support or intimacy is more likely to: a. develop depression when under stress. c. overgeneralization. 27. 12. So, if you were afraid of clowns, you would be thrown into a room full of clowns. What form of psychotherapy is ChaeWoo receiving? c. transference. Some commonly used strategies include cognitive restructuring, cognitive coping skills training, and acceptance techniques. Over time, he begins to understand how events in his early life have impacted how he functions now. Females are at higher risk for developing an anxiety disorder than men. b. psychologically healthy people have more time and energy for religion. b. 103. What form of psychotherapy is ChaeWoo receiving? a. existential Since that time, I've never been able to swim in a lake. With its emphasis on abstract human values and responsibility, the humanistic-existential model does all of the following EXCEPT: If a client-centered therapist were treating a very anxious woman, the therapist would try to: show unconditional positive regard for the client's statements. d. who are not religious cope better with life stressors such as war and illness. This criticism would be true of behaviorisms first two stages, though sociobehaviorism steered away from this proposition and even fought against any mechanistic leanings of behaviorists. Prescribing an antidepressant medication such as paroxetine. All forget that there is no individual model that completely explains human behavior, or in this case, abnormal behavior, and so each model contributes in its own way. Also, long-term hospitalizations are less likely to occur as a result, though the medications do not benefit the individual in terms of improved living skills. b. develop depression even when not under stress. Her therapy is MOST likely: a. gestalt therapy. Module 2: Models of Abnormal Psychology Biological psychologists or neuropsychologists treat the underlying problems in the. Finally, respondent conditioning has several properties: 2.3.2.3. d. cognitive-behavioral. A theorist who believes that someone who is labeled a hard worker will, in fact, become a hard worker is MOST likely a _____ theorist. b. ones values and goals. He developed the law of effect thanks to his work with a puzzle box. a. disengaged b. neglectful c. enmeshed d. belittling. c. existential c. denial. How so? The somatic nervous system allows for voluntary movement by controlling the skeletal muscles and carries sensory information to the CNS. d. libido. The defense mechanism that BEST explains his behavior is: The antenna-like extensions located at one end of the neuron are called: A therapist identifies a biological factor in a patient with depression. 2.2.2.1. Which is a goal of acceptance and commitment therapy? This represents the individual pairings of a feared object or situation and relaxation. The parasympathetic nervous system calms the body. d. create an ideal set of genes. 66. b. sociocultural 2.3.2.1. The therapist focuses only on issues specifically related to this problem. It influences blood pressure, thirst, contractions of the uterus during childbirth, milk production, sexual behavior and interest, body growth, the amount of water in the bodys cells, and other functions as well. a. religion causes people to deal better with the challenges of life. The biopsychosocial model examines the health and other illnesses and product behavior with biological features and behavioral factors.Several health psychologists work with healthcare experts and patients to help . First, you can use cognitive restructuring, also called rational restructuring, in which maladaptive cognitions are replaced with more adaptive ones. I'm here for you." b. a severe mental illness and who is not a candidate for brain stimulation therapy. A common example is Lithium; side effects include loss of coordination, hallucinations, seizures, and frequent urination. The motivation to form relationships with others is a central theme of: a. ego theory. Gender plays an important, though at times, unclear role in mental illness. A cognitive-behavioral therapist would MOST likely recommend: Individuals describe this feeling as an out-of-body experience where you are an observer of your thoughts, feelings, and physical being. c. Existentialists believe that research dehumanizes individuals by reducing them to test measures. In Module 2, we will discuss three models of abnormal behavior to include the biological, psychological, and sociocultural models. Racial, ethnic, and cultural factors are also relevant to understanding the development and course of mental illness. On later trials, the rat was presented (NS) and followed closely by a loud sound (UCS; Panel B). The three parts of personality generally work together well and compromise, leading to a healthy personality, but if the conflict is not resolved, intrapsychic conflicts can arise and lead to mental disorders. c. relational psychoanalytic therapy. The defense mechanism that BEST explains your behavior is: Which model of abnormality MOST closely aligns with positive psychology? When treating religious patients, it is recommended that mental health professionals: a. avoid discussing religion. Content that was turned away was said to be repressed. Unconditioned means unlearned. There is no individual model that completely explains human behavior and so each model contributes in its own way. This is called the, Step 5 After a short time, the neuron can fire again, but needs greater than normal levels of stimulation to do so. The autonomic nervous system regulates the functioning of blood vessels, glands, and internal organs such as the bladder, stomach, and heart. What exactly are some of the neurotransmitters which are so critical for neural transmission, and are essential to our discussion of psychopathology? Which model of abnormality MOST closely aligns with positive psychology? Gestalt therapy is similar to mindfulness techniques in its emphasis on: a. using I language. What is this therapy? Racial and ethnic minorities must contend with prejudice, discrimination, racism, economic hardships, etc. c. humanistic-existential 34. These medications fall under five major categories. b. Existentialists believe that research isnt necessary, because the effectiveness of existential therapy is already apparent due to its widespread success. The nucleus is the control center of the neuron, and the soma is the cell body. The perspectives do offer hope to people suffering tragedy by asserting that we control our destiny and can make our own choices. c. result of childhood trauma. c. They explain outside influences and past events. Figure 2.10. Elevated levels of this hormone can lead to several problems, including increased weight gain, interference with learning and memory, reduced bone density, high cholesterol, and an increased risk of depression. a. humanistic-existential b. biological c. psychodynamic d. sociocultural, 5. 84. According to the cognitive-behavioral model, this is an example of _____ behavior. d. discounted the concept of abnormality and focused on acceptance. Hormones are important to psychologists because they manage the nervous system and body tissues at certain stages of development and activate behaviors such as alertness or sleepiness, sexual behavior, concentration, aggressiveness, reaction to stress, and a desire for companionship. Conditioning, or a type of associative learning, occurs when two separate events become connected. d. self-help therapy. c. mitigate unacceptable impulses. In respondent conditioning, learning happens in three phases: preconditioning, conditioning, and postconditioning. 41. d. conditions of worth. Communication in the nervous system. Describe how the biological model explains mental illness. a. avoidance b. illogical c. safety d. exposure, 96. Hence, this phenomenon is called spontaneous recovery. See Figure 2.1 below. The psychologist credited with paving the way for psychologists to practice psychotherapy is: The psychologist who is said to have made it possible for psychologists to do psychotherapy is called "the pioneer." a. psychodynamic Recognizing the signs that you or someone you love may have a mental disorder is the first step toward getting treatment. All other toys are allowed, including a Bobo doll. a. Dysfunction b. 107. This situation places considerable stress on an individual and can lead to higher rates of anxiety disorders and depression. 39. You immediately focus all of your energy on the financial implications of your partners departure and ways to save money. Trauma, stress, and other extreme stressors are predictive of depression. 117. d. a severe disorder and who has not responded to any other therapies over years of treatment. PSY470 Models of Abnormality - Running Head: BENCHMARK - StuDocu During the time-out, no one interacts with the child. Then, Jones gave the child some pleasant food (i.e., something sweet such as cookies [Panel C]; remember the response to the food is unlearned, i.e., Panel A). ChaeWoo has been participating in weekly therapy for several years. Genetic issues and explanations. Which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent? c. deep brain stimulation. 2.3.4.3. d. latent content. In terms of the biological model, neurotransmitters, brain structures, hormones, genes, and viral . Cognitive therapies. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used MOST often in the treatment of: Which of the following is NOT a weakness of the biological model of abnormal behavior? The critical thing to understand here is that there is a belief in the realm of mental health that chemical imbalances are responsible for many mental disorders. Of importance to mental health professionals are the adrenal glands, located on top of the kidneys, and which release cortisol to help the body deal with stress. If a mother seems excessively involved in her childs life such that the two do not seem to be independent people, their relationship is said to be: a. externalized. First, libido is the psychic energy that drives a person to pleasurable thoughts and behaviors. The pituitary gland is the master gland which regulates other endocrine glands. a. id b. superego c. self d. ego, 38. Current multicultural perspectives are MOST likely to focus on the: special external pressures faced by members of a culture. a. humanistic d. understand how beliefs and values are related to behaviors. The pineal gland helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle while the thyroid gland regulates the bodys energy levels by controlling metabolism and the basal metabolic rate (BMR). During a meeting, Shondas manager asks her to free associate about her coworkers performance. According to the psychodynamic model, current behavior is determined by all of the following EXCEPT: a. past experiences. A girl values her self-worth even when she fails at something. What are the three parts of personality according to Freud? If my father seems genuinely happy and pleased with himself after bagging groceries his way, then I will be more likely to adopt this behavior. For example, desensitization (Wolpe, 1997) teaches clients to respond calmly to fear-producing stimuli. 51. A health care provider prescribes disulfiram (Antabuse) for a client with alcoholism. 56. Notice when you are having a maladaptive cognition, such as making negative predictions. Figure out what is the worst thing that could happen and what alternative outcomes are possible. The same is true of borderline personality disorder. b. cognitive-behavioral. Breuer made daily visits and allowed her to share stories from her private theater, which she came to call talking cure or chimney sweeping. Many of the stories she shared were actually thoughts or events she found troubling and reliving them helped to relieve or eliminate the symptoms. a. 2.3.1.3. Resistance and transference are terms most likely used by which model? c. It is full of abnormal evolutionary principles. PSYC 203 Chapter 2: Models of Abnormality, Week 12: CNS Drugs Neurodegenerative, Neurolo, Week 11: PNS Drugs (Cholinergic, Adrenergic). Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts. b. resistance. c. drugs are not very effective in the treatment of abnormal behavior. 40. Shonda responds by changing the subject. Over time, the temper tantrums become more and more common. Failure to treat many people with severe disturbances appropriately is MOST often a problem with which level of prevention? b. This is an example of: Once collected or sensed (sensation is the cognitive process of detecting the physical energy given off or emitted by physical objects), the information is sent to the brain through the neural impulse. abnormality, also known as mental disorders, psychiatric diagnoses, or, more broadly, psychopathology. Most people who receive couple therapy report no real improvement in their functioning. a. c. abnormality arises from an interaction between predisposition and stress. c. psychodynamic. If a person is used to receiving reinforcement every time they perform a particular behavior, and then suddenly no reinforcer is delivered, he or she will cease the response immediately. We should also note the existence of non-associative learning or when there is no linking of information or observing the actions of others around you. Dont worry. Interestingly, younger adults are more likely to develop SAD than older adults. b. focusing on the here and now. She had another shirt with her and wanted to change right then and there. Mason's parents always pay special attention to him when he takes toys from his little sister. PDF Psychological Disorders 88. Figure 2.2. Individuals who are in a long-term relationship. It is difficult to research this perspective. d. humanists. 115. d. projection. If you believe focusing on a problem generates a solution, then write down each time you ruminate and the result. Contingencies in Operant Conditioning. d. Bandura. The goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy is BEST described as: a. improving the clients interactions with others. 2.2.2.2. 126. How so? When I was about eight years old, I would walk up the street in my neighborhood, saying, Im Chicken Little and you cant hurt me. Most ignored me, but some gave me the attention I was seeking, a positive reinforcer. For instance, people with Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) have difficulty regulating serotonin. b. overgeneralization. Which theorist would be MOST likely to advocate use of skillful frustration as a part of therapy? Techniques might include weighing the pros and cons of fighting uncertainty or change. Your romantic partner of four years ends the relationship suddenly and cuts off all contact. Identify and define important neurotransmitters. Finally, Freud used dream analysis to understand a persons innermost wishes. c. manifest content. Lorenzo's therapist frequently reminds him that he has the power to change his situation and that he must take responsibility for his actions. Women are more likely to develop PTSD compared to men. Figure 2.9. It is present at birth, completely unconscious, and operates on the pleasure principle, resulting in selfishly seeking immediate gratification of our needs no matter what the cost. Rates of eating disorders are higher among women than men, though both genders are affected. Integrative behavioral couple therapy helps partners: a. accept behaviors that they cannot change. b. brain stimulation. 143. 32. Furthermore, some patients report feeling as though they lack speech or motor control, thus feeling at times like a robot. Watson and Skinner defined behavior as what we do or say, but later behaviorists added what we think or feel. The next morning, researchers placed a hungry cat in the puzzle box and set a small amount of food outside the box, just close enough to be smelled. Which statement is TRUE regarding the models of abnormality? B) chemical imbalances and brain damage. For instance, Parkinsons disease is a brain disorder that results in a gradual loss of muscle control and arises when cells in the substantia nigra, a long nucleus considered to be part of the basal ganglia, stop making dopamine. Notice that preconditioning has both an A and a B panel. There were times when something bit my foot while I was swimming, but I didn't get hurt at all. A psychologist believes that all dysfunctional behavior is due to past experiences, and that no symptom or behavior is accidental.
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