There were too many powerful noblemen and, as a consequence of the system of so-called bastard feudalism, each had what amounted to private armies of indentured retainers (mercenaries masquerading as servants). [58], Henry's principal problem was to restore royal authority in a realm recovering from the Wars of the Roses. The 17 year-old Prince Henry became King Henry VIII and started a different era. Since he was the second son, and not expected to become king, we know little of his childhood until the death of his older brother Arthur, Prince of Wales. As we know, Henry VII was true to his word, married Elizabeth and they founded the Tudor dynasty between them. He was the only child of Lady Margaret Beaufort and Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond. Henry VIII Books Exploring the Best Books on Englands Most Infamous King, 18 February 1516 The birth of Queen Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. The treaty marks a shift from neutrality over the French invasion of Brittany to active intervention against it. I was disappointed by this it was decent but I think it was somewhat overhyped. Loyalty was ensured, and the nobility was effectively neuteredand Henry became the richest monarch in Europe. Four different kinds of cryptocurrencies you should know. There were some sections I had to skim because I didn't feel they were relevant to the storyline, but mostly I was hooked into this very complex King. There he found more English fugitives, willing to invade England in support of Henry, and bearing news that Richard III had serious plans to marry the princess Elizabeth himself. It was propaganda to spread the message that he was the rightful King. Sometimes, Penn explained, charges against people were fabricated so that they would have to pay a fine, for example, a man who was charged with murdering a child and who was found guilty because the jury was rigged. Henry VII, also called (145785) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (14851509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty. The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. Otherwise, at the time of his father's arranging of the marriage to Catherine of Aragon, the future Henry VIII was too young to contract the marriage according to Canon Law and would be ineligible until age fourteen. She was Edward's heir since the presumed death of her brothers, the Princes in the Tower, King Edward V and Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York. Scapegoats were needed for Henry VIIs reign, people to blame for the old regime, so Edmund Dudley was imprisoned and executed on trumped up charges. Henry himself was clearly a distant figure who governed through his ministers, but this means that it's quite hard to get much of a sense of his character from the few sources available. Henry Tudor, named after his father, Henry VII, was born by Elizabeth of York June 28, 1491 in Greenwich Palace. Why did the nobility accept the curtailment of the military power it had wielded in the wars of the roses and swallow the elevation of upstarts at Henry's court? Henry VII Facts, Information & Biography - Tudor Monarchs - English History Many influential Yorkists had been dispossessed and disappointed by the change of regime, and there had been so many reversals of fortune within living memory that the decision of Bosworth did not appear necessarily final. How did a precariously enthroned ruler, lacking a police force or a standing army, manage to run roughshod over the law? For example, they could replace suspect jurors in accordance with the 1495 act preventing the corruption of juries. [34], When the King's agents searched the property of William Stanley (Chamberlain of the Household, with direct access to Henry VII) they found a bag of coins amounting to around 10,000 and a collar of livery with Yorkist garnishings. To say the least, Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England is quite an interesting read. Thank you for subscribing. Together, they had seven children. Not only was . Henry VII, also called (1457-85) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (1485-1509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty. He likens the beginning of Henry VIII's reign to a metaphorical spring, a second coming of sorts because Henry VIII seemed to be the opposite of his father. Henry VIII was the first English king to be called "Your Majesty.". His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. Sophia Money-Coutts: Sensitivity readers don't want Henry VIII to be I would read more by this author. This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers. The rebellion was defeated and Lincoln killed at the Battle of Stoke. : (April 25, 1883. Henry spared Richard's nephew and designated heir, John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, and made the Yorkist heiress Margaret Plantagenet Countess of Salisbury suo jure. Henry VIII - Loss of popularity | Britannica - Encyclopedia Britannica Having established his claim to be king in his own right, he married Elizabeth of York on January 18, 1486. During Henry's early years, his uncle Henry VI was fighting against Edward IV, a member of the Yorkist Plantagenet branch. Inadvertently, he provoked a revolution. He created the sovereign coin to spread the message that he was King. His early reign was plagued by pretenders to the throne, giving the new Tudor dynasty a rocky start and a fear of conspiracy which dogged Henry VII throughout his life. Since we are in the middle of winter, Ive been thinking of a volume on my shelves on Henry VII, who could be called the Winter King. His claim to the throne was precarious and he wanted to portray Richard . His dynasty was hanging by a thread and all his hopes had to rest on his youngest son, Henry, and Elizabeth of York producing another son, a spare. I'm beginning to wonder if all of the kings beginning with the conquest weren't a little off their rocker in some way. Shakespeare later turned to Henry's son and successor Henry VIII, whose rule brought marital sensation, renaissance spectacle and the reformation. [13] When Warwick restored Henry VI in 1470, Jasper Tudor returned from exile and brought Henry to court. In many ways, it highlights that Henry VIII was a feckless inheritor of the tools of Machiavellian power, but had no idea to what productive end to put them. France, Burgundy, the Holy Roman Empire, Spain and the Hanseatic League all rejected the treaty, which was never in force. This meant that Henry had been the rightful King in the battle and that Richard had been the usurper, and those who supported him had been traitors. Henry VII shut himself away in Richmond Palace from January 1509 and at 11pm on Saturday 21st April 1509 he died. After winning the throne of England, he wed Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter of the dead Yorkist king Edward IV. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-VII-king-of-England, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Henry VII, English Monarchs - Biography of Henry VII, Henry VII - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Henry VII - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). 'Meeting between Francis I and Henry VIII at the Field of Cloth of Gold on 7 June 1520,' a painting by Friedrich August Bouterwek. [16] With money and supplies borrowed from his host, Francis II of Brittany, Henry tried to land in England, but his conspiracy unravelled resulting in the execution of his primary co-conspirator, Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham. [40], Henry VII improved tax collection in the realm by introducing ruthlessly efficient mechanisms of taxation. Yet Henry's techniques of power went beyond the needs of surveillance and survival. [49] The confused, fractious nature of Breton politics undermined his efforts, which finally failed after three sizeable expeditions, at a cost of 24,000. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. It took Henry, who in any case needed to marry her if the expected issue was to solve the succession problem, some six years to achieve their joint purpose. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The dispute eventually paid off for Henry. Henry, son of Edmund Tudor, earl of Richmond, and Margaret Beaufort, was born nearly three months after his fathers death. [citation needed] The first was the 1486 rebellion of the Stafford brothers, abetted by Viscount Lovell, which collapsed without fighting. For many he remained a usurper, a false king. ||Wordpress installation and design by http://www.MadeGlobal.com, FREE Anne Boleyn The last few years of his reign were ones of repression. [67], Henry made half-hearted plans to remarry and beget more heirs, but these never came to anything. Thomas Penns Winter King in a brilliant mash-up of gothic horror and political biography. Hidden under the floor in St George's Chapel in Windsor, England where thousands of people walk every day, a forgotten tomb lies. He spent money lavishly, held big parties. Penn graphically describes a huge financial racket run by the king and his profiteering advisers. Effectively an orphan, he had spent wretched years as a fugitive in Brittany. Having seen it pop up in a lot of papers' Books of the Year lists, I think I was expecting something altogether more gripping and dramatic, but in the end I thought the story of Henry VII and the Tudor succession was just not an especially thrilling tale. Henry VII ruled as Machiavelli, just after his reign, was to advise usurpers to do through fear rather than love. Henry VIII - Tudor History Omissions? Two themes of his book preside: the permanent vulnerability of Henry's regime, and his ruthless methods of rule. Many of the entries show a man who loosened his purse strings generously for his wife and children, and not just on necessities: in spring 1491 he spent a great amount of gold on a lute for his daughter Mary; the following year he spent money on a lion for Elizabeth's menagerie. There's a lot of cloak-and-dagger stuff here, something Henry and certain of his counselors seemed especially skilled at, and it was those parts that I particularly enjoyed. On one side of the coin, instead of a profile of his face, there was a full length depiction of Henry sat on his throne with his crown and sceptre. [81], Henry VII and Elizabeth had seven children:[b]. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. I've never read much on the reign of Henry VII - mostly because to really get to grips with his policies, you first have to get to grips with his exhaustively complicated financial policies - but Penn provides a wonderful accessibility through his writing, which provides valuable context to the man who founded England's most famous dynasty. This definitely was not that. [citation needed], In 1506, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller Emery d'Amboise asked Henry VII to become the protector and patron of the Order, as he had an interest in the crusade. Several of Richard's key allies, such as Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, and also Lord Stanley and his brother William, crucially switched sides or left the battlefield. 4. For inheriting an unstable throne, holding it for 25 year and leaving England relatively stable, Henry VII deserves his own biography and a lot more credit. [74] Margaret Tudor wrote letters to her father declaring her homesickness, but Henry could do nothing but mourn the loss of his family and honour the terms of the peace treaty he had agreed to with the King of Scotland. Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. Amateur historians Bertram Fields and Sir Clements Markham have claimed that he may have been involved in the murder of the Princes in the Tower, as the repeal of Titulus Regius gave the Princes a stronger claim to the throne than his own. There are an awful lot of books written about the Tudor era, both fiction and non-fiction, so you have to ask whether this book adds anything new. 7.1 59min 2013 16+. Wolf Hall this is not. Elizabeth did get pregnant, but then went into premature labour. The rebels were defeated (June 1487) in a hard-fought battle at Stoke (East Stoke, near Newark in Nottinghamshire), where the doubtful loyalty of some of the royal troops was reminiscent of Richard IIIs difficulties at Bosworth. I thought the way he controled the nobility was fascinating - keeping them in check as well a raising vast sums of money at the same time. These bonds were enforced by the Council Learned in the Law, a council of legal advisers who were only answerable to the King. For Henry VII, it was all about the money and stability. [79], Amiable and high-spirited, Henry was friendly if dignified in manner, and it was clear that he was extremely intelligent. He had brought the country to the brink of dynastic ambition, but not quite, so his closest advisers kept his death secret until St Georges Day, the annual meeting of the Order of the Garter. Dydd Gyl Dewi Hapus! He had unified the kingdom, accrued immense wealth and created the most notorious dynasty in English history: the Tudors. Penn's picture of a reign of terror carries disturbing echoes of the Roman historian Tacitus's account of the emperor Tiberius, another ruler whose abridgements of liberty followed an era of civil strife.
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