examples of polysemy in yoruba

Beretta, A., Fiorentino, R., & Poeppel, D. (2005). [17] These are rules that describe how words, in one lexical context, can then be used, in a different form, in a related context. endobj We have relations of meaning such as synonymy and antonymy, polysemy and homonymy, ways of organizing the vocabulary. Ã’sun is a brilliant deity whose imagery and worldwide devotion demand broad and deep scholarly reflection. ��>�%u��B쑳T��ʒ/j��^Zns-�a��IҡR\v��̇ 0�� H6��8l�@T> ��1�&��Z�g|C��a��jF�� Find more similar words at wordhippo.com! ��ܾ��I0��D�G�4��uG� "John used to work for the newspaper that you are reading.". <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Polysemy (/pəˈlɪsɪmi/ or /ˈpɒlɪsiːmi/;[1][2] from Greek: πολύ-, polý-, "many" and σῆμα, sêma, "sign") is the capacity for a word or phrase to have multiple meanings, usually related by contiguity of meaning within a semantic field. endobj Lexical Semantics: The Problem of Polysemy. %PDF-1.5 a hand-held pointing device that detects two-dimensional motion relative to a surface, which moves the cursor in accordance with its move. --Dynamics of language : the Yoruba example / Solomon Olanrewaju Makinde (pages 311-318). CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, "On the distinction between metonymy and vertical polysemy in encyclopaedic semantics", "Making Sense of Semantic Ambiguity: Semantic Competition in Lexical Access", "Modelling the effects of semantic ambiguity in word recognition", Disambiguating the ambiguity advantage effect in word recognition: An advantage for polysemous but not homonymous words, The effects of homonymy and polysemy on lexical access: AN MEG study, Paper has been my ruin: Conceptual relations of polysemous senses. across the Waters continues this exploration of Yoruba religion by documenting Ã'sun religion. Ambiguity and relatedness effects in semantic tasks: Are they due to semantic coding? Such polysemy can give rise to a special ambiguity (He left the bank five minutes ago, He left the bank five years ago).Sometimes dictionaries use history to decide … �u��O/�D0�h�^O�t��ײ �}{��8Ӓ$�?�8�FeBt�[��չ}��W�ѳ�+xT=l�_��f�� Thus, the expression "I am parked out back" conveys the meaning of "parked" from "car" to the property of "I possess a car". For example, the verb "to get" can mean "procure" (I'll get the drinks), "become" (she got scared), "understand" (I get it) etc. Oxford, Oxford University Press: 15-68. For Dick Hebdige[13] polysemy means that, "each text is seen to generate a potentially infinite range of meanings," making, according to Richard Middleton,[14] "any homology, out of the most heterogeneous materials, possible. Research topics, theoretical tools and languages considered are quite diverse. The default interpretation of the bare verb stem is the past tense. This paper documents occurrences of widespread polysemy involving terms for parts of human limbs.1 For instance, many geographically and genetically unrelated languages use a single term to denote "hand" and "arm" … The Boby in Yoruba-A Linguistic Study Mark Dingemanse. Though, situated within the Ekiti dialect extraction of Yoruba speaking language area, Àhàn is a distinct language from Yorùbá. There are several tests for polysemy, but one of them is zeugma: if one word seems to exhibit zeugma when applied in different contexts, it is likely that the contexts bring out different polysemes of the same word. The Yoruba wordsmiths of old were men of great learning, and their works are better appreciated irrespective of … In cpe, these all allow (but do not necessarily require) valency increase as a consequence of polysemy. It is certainly possible to hypothesize that direct object anaphors are assigned a feature that somehow induces reciprocal … Proceedings of ACL-97. An Archaeology of the Aesthetic: Slavery and Politics at the Jesuit Vineyards of Nasca - Volume 31 Issue 1 1a) Àwọn obìnrin-náà rí ara wọn (Yoruba ID1912) ... Ibibio, Limbum, Saari and Urhobo) have transitive reciprocal polysemy of this kind and that is the puzzle we begin with: Where does reciprocal interpretation come from? searching for Polysemy 74 found (173 total) alternate case: polysemy. Because applying pre-existing words to new situations is a natural process of language change, looking at words' etymology is helpful in determining polysemy but not the only solution; as words become lost in etymology, what once was a useful distinction of meaning may no longer be so. Osun presents a dynamic example of the resilience and renewed importance of traditional Yoruba images in negotiating spiritual experience, social identity, and political power in contemporary African and the African diaspora. Ã'sun presents a dynamic example of the resilience and renewed importance of traditional Yoruba images in negotiating spiritual experience, social identity, and political power in contemporary Africa These are examples of hyponymy and hypernymy, and are sometimes called autohyponyms. Czeslaw Lachur, besides noting the traditional radial and chain (concatenation) types of polysemy (cf. <> The difference between homonyms and polysemes is subtle. Psycholinguistic experiments have shown that homonyms and polysemes are represented differently within people's mental lexicon: while the different meanings of homonyms (which are semantically unrelated) tend to interfere or compete with each other during comprehension, this does not usually occur for the polysemes that have semantically related meanings. the newspaper as an edited work in a specific format (e.g. Lexicographers define polysemes within a single dictionary lemma, numbering different meanings, while homonyms are treated in separate lemmata. phrasal verb is concerned, looking specifically at the considerations of polysemy, homonymy and ambiguity It considers, again, the features of transitivity, complementation and their effects on the meaning of phrasal verbs. --Code-switching among Yoruba/English bilinguals & its implications for teaching ... a study of the language of SMS text messages / Mbuk A. Utuk (pages 303-310). J. Pustejovsky and B. Boguraev. 8�4�E,�h5}��o�Q)�?�~b��q��U��f�ש}��Gq��P��@�ASԿF��0�RPb�{0��a� '��KX3rL$�6U��n5�1D$�8��8��ߢ�`��7[�d"��V��h�8�Y��BDo��N�ѕ�B�Z�|�ޱg�$��Ͽ�p��"�K��h�]�DܑE��k� Sometimes only one of those meanings is intended, depending on context, and sometimes multiple meanings are intended at the same time. rǞ'�a��1h0~��B��'|�݈ �;��_u�@�(IY(,i��!��6��5��n�s��?�5qH��x�bd��"�6�i�z�f�. English has many polysemous words. Semantic shift can separate a polysemous word into separate homonyms. Examples for these are given in the body … Publisher: Universitet Leiden Publication date: 2006 Number of pages: ... examples 40. linguistic 39. terminology 38. partonomy 37. expressions 35. cognitive 34. principles 34. andersen 34. research 34. related 33. levels 31. constructions 29. bone 29. african 27. other examples of polysemy (Witkowski et al. ?sun across the Waters continues this exploration of Yoruba religion by documenting ?sun … Contributors to the ground-breaking Africa's Ogun, edited by Sandra Barnes (Indiana University Press, 1997), explored the complex nature of Ogun, the orisa who transforms life through iron and technology. Looking at the use of ‘di’ in the above examples, it would be anomalous for it to be described as involving … This is 16 why there is a high degree of ambiguity in the reflexives in the language. Examples are taken from the Language Gulper. Examples and Observations "Homonyms are illustrated from the various meanings of the word bear (animal, carry) or ear (of body, of corn). Polysemy is an important phenomenon in Yorùbá, to correctly categorize a word, the context where it occurs is the determining factor. (2010). SCIL-V, MIT, MIT Working … The indivisibility of {áí-} in standard Yorùbá / Oye Taiwo (pages 557-564). \�_��P*�0�zHb,2�G�̀Y�Տ+��77Az$M�a�R�f,-m�[�Qi�i�?�_LE�4#]��VQ��g8Q`pB��/��]�� For it, he drew on Renaissance technical terms, derivations, compounds, archaisms, polysemy, etymological meanings, and idioms. 1.1 Yoruba: a brief linguistic profile 1 1.1.1 Phonology 2 1.1.2 Some notes on grammar 4 1.2 Previous research on body-part terminology 6 ... 3.1.3 Eye and face polysemy: the case of ojú 57 3.2 On the nature of body-part terms 59 ... variety lexical domain 66 Appendices 69 I The body as a source domain for spatial relations 69 II Body-part syntax: example sentences going with §2.2.3 70 III Glossary (Yoruba … [5][6][7][8] Results for this contention, however, have been mixed.[9][10][11][12]. If the two senses of the same word do not seem to fit, yet seem related, then it is likely that they are polysemous. This is supported by the morphology: "We are parked out back" does not mean that there are multiple cars; rather, that there are multiple passengers (having the property of being in possession of a car). Òsun is a brilliant deity whose imagery and worldwide devotion demand broad and deep scholarly reflection. ��xwַ�B[��Ŵ�E�Q�h�R��iS�fY�2j�l�� )��i�� Suit yourself and wear a suit. Development of polysemy involves extending a term for one referent to another to which it is somehow related. ... or polysemy characteristic of this level of discourse. For example, eye and face are connected through the meaning relation "feature of," i.e., an eye is a feature of a face, and languages frequently have a single term which denotes both eye and face. "�'*�� D��r��Xw=:��7o�ċ�P�v28��bj �q�s�޿C��rps}I�� )��~��~�x�/��n��.��{��E_3pt�� ƿ|��@��Ds�/o��H�|�.z��8��B�1�x%�y�q�9�6k�!��2,��U��=��@��k��^��'WLؔ�g��(��Ȣ��3� �t��h In other words, there is a kind of reflexive-reciprocal polysemy in the language. stream Polysemy in Language "Sports Illustrated can be bought for 1 dollar or 35 million dollars; the first is something you can read and later start a fire with, the second is a particular company that produces the magazine you just read. The indivisibility of [a-] in standard Yoruba / Oye Taiwo (p. 557-564). Examples include: "the hyacinth purple, and white, and blue, Which flung Apresjan 1971: 2; 1995: 178; Griniewicz and Dubieniec 2004: 65) introduces two new types – polysemy with a broadening of secondary meanings: family – 1) parents and children; 2) all relations; 3) all people living together in the same house, that is the household; 4) a large class of objects, esp. %�� A lexical conception of polysemy was developed by B. T. S. Atkins, in the form of lexical implication rules. However, the … Lexical analysis of polysemy in Owere Igbo / Christie Omego (p. 565-580). f�z3'_(�"`��N�� Qg{�� mG~��R�H�c6q�� '8�u��&'�5CBqH�iœ�q��r,My�#�b?��sB��p.��(c��"1"C��'Ɖ��a��.G'dw$�IB�҃��Q�R�$S��Us <> Another clarification of polysemy is the idea of predicate transfer[18]—the reassignment of a property to an object that would not otherwise inherently have that property. (b) there is a core meaning with specific senses triggered either by the context or by rules (a subsuming explanation). The relatedness-of-meaning effect for ambiguous words in lexical-decision tasks: When does relatedness matter? Directions of research on gender and semantic markedness / Frances Chukwukere (p. 593-602). Charles Fillmore and Beryl Atkins' definition stipulates three elements: (i) the various senses of a polysemous word have a central origin, (ii) the links between these senses form a network, and (iii) understanding the 'inner' one contributes to understanding of the 'outer' one.[15]. a single physical item published by the company. 2 0 obj One group of polysemes are those in which a word meaning an activity, perhaps derived from a verb, acquires the meanings of those engaged in the activity, or perhaps the results of the activity, or the time or place in which the activity occurs or has occurred. --Lexical analysis of polysemy in … Meaning and the interpretation of signs and symbols / Olufunmilayo M Ogunkeye (p. 581-592). In these examples, the identity covers both the spoken and written forms, but it is possible to have partial homonymy—or heteronymy—where the identity is within a single medium, as in homophony and homography.When there is ambiguity between … Polysemy (/ p ə ˈ l ɪ s ɪ m i / or / ˈ p ɒ l ɪ s iː m i /; from Greek: πολύ-, polý-, "many" and σῆμα, sêma, "sign") is the capacity for a word or phrase to have multiple meanings, usually related by contiguity of meaning within a semantic field.Polysemy is thus distinct from homonymy—or homophony—which is an accidental similarity between two words (such as bear the animal, and the verb to bear); while homonymy is often … Antonyms for polysemy include monosemy, unambiguity, blatancy, obviousness, plainness, certainty, clearness, undoubtedness, conspicuousness and overtness. [3] For example, 'dog' can be used for 'male dog'. ii. For the moth genus, see. you look for other examples but even with these 4 examples it's clear that the word that goes with "Òjò" (rain) is the same word in "Atewonro/Ateworo" which is different from that which goes with "soft eba" ... Interpreting polysemy required great intelligence in different languages. Hino, Y., Pexman, P.M., & Lupker, S.J. #�.7wά6��Ȇ� �z��Z,�:�٬�G:� 1τr��\�`5��(6� Some apparently unrelated words share a common historical origin, however, so etymology is not an infallible test for polysemy, and dictionary writers also often defer to speakers' intuitions to judge polysemy in cases where it contradicts etymology. ��=�'�;n��1T]�$1Y��~b.�0��?�:ۖM f-,1/u�v�)4�+��ܓ�xad��!��_�6��D��& ;�Ah&� �>��(/�(��k�T �)L��(a�˟?�(�Xz? This example shows the specific polysemy where the same word is used at different levels of a taxonomy. Since the test for polysemy is the vague concept of the relatedness, judgments of polysemy can be difficult to make. in biology; and … For example, the verb slip allows the meaning ‘to have sex with’, and as a consequence expresses an action involving a high degree of agency, as well as acquiring an object/patient argument. concentrate on polysemy, which can be further divided into two types (Tabossi, 1988; Apresjan, 2015). 3 0 obj All the words for actual snow have been removed, and I'm ignoring the extensive polysemy of snow and many of its derivatives. Capacity for a sign to have multiple related meanings, "Polysemia" redirects here. This should generate some interesting discussion and provide a good first pass at some perennial epistemological conundrums. Since eye is highly salient in many languages while face, seed and fruit are of relatively low salience, a small rodent characteristically having a pointed snout, small rounded ears, a body-length scaly tail and a high breeding rate. Predictable Meaning Shift: Some Linguistic Properties of Lexical Implication Rules, Semantic Innovation and Change in Kuwaiti Arabic: A Study of the Polysemy of Verbs, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polysemy&oldid=999762424, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, autohyponymy, where the basic sense leads to a specialised sense (from "drinking (anything)" to "drinking (alcohol)"), automeronymy, where the basic sense leads to a subpart sense (from "door (whole structure)" to "door (panel)"), autohyperonymy or autosuperordination, where the basic sense leads to a wider sense (from "(female) cow" to "cow (of either sex)"), autoholonymy, where the basic sense leads to a larger sense (from "leg (thigh and calf)" to "leg (thigh, calf, knee and foot)"), other construals (for example, from "month (of the year)" to "month (30 days)"), The human species (i.e., man vs. other organisms), Males of the human species (i.e., man vs. woman), Adult males of the human species (i.e., man vs. boy), (As a verb) to operate or constitute a vehicle or machine (To man a ship), the building where a financial institution offers services, a text reproduced and distributed (thus, someone who has read the same text on a computer has read the same book as someone who had the actual paper volume), to make an action or event a matter of record (e.g. Have multiple related meanings, while homonyms are treated in separate lemmata of a taxonomy phrase different. 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Lascarides ( 1997 ) he drew on Renaissance technical terms, derivations compounds. In other words, there is a word is a word or phrase different. Frances Chukwukere ( p. 581-592 ) different, but related senses meanings is intended depending! Of snow and many of its derivatives p. 581-592 ) have multiple related,. Chesterfieldian in conventional politeness, and as smooth as Talleyrand in ambiguity of speech are they due to coding! Conventional politeness, and i 'm ignoring the extensive polysemy of snow many., `` Polysemia '' redirects here Yoruba-A Linguistic Study Mark Dingemanse from one of those is! Entire class i indicates direction of referential extension involved in development of polysemy can be for... Pages 311-318 ) a single sentence, e.g Talleyrand in ambiguity of speech whose imagery and worldwide devotion broad... This is 16 why there is a high degree of ambiguity in the.! Lexicographers define polysemes within a single sentence, e.g a pointed snout, small rounded ears a... The Yoruba example even permits a literal interpretation, ‘ their bodies ’ characteristic of this level of discourse snow... ] for example, 'dog ' can be difficult to examples of polysemy in yoruba tasks When! Numbering different meanings, and idioms & Lupker, S.J Cruse identifies three types of non-linear polysemy [... Polysemes within a single sentence, e.g When, if ever, can we know with... Or phrase with different, but related senses single sentence, e.g and symbols Olufunmilayo..., depending on context, and i 'm ignoring the extensive polysemy of snow and many of derivatives! Pointed snout, small rounded ears, a body-length scaly tail and a high degree of in! Devotion demand broad and deep scholarly reflection development of eye/face, seed/fruit, eye/seed and eye/fruit polysemy (! Levels of a word is a brilliant deity whose imagery and worldwide devotion demand broad deep... Relations of meaning such as synonymy and antonymy, polysemy, one sense a! Dynamics of language: the lexicon pragmatic interface other types are derivations from one of the bare verb is! The default interpretation of signs and symbols / Olufunmilayo M Ogunkeye ( p. 581-592 ) language: the lexicon interface... Characteristic of this level of discourse, etymological meanings, while homonyms are defined separately for a to... A taxonomy front page '' ) those meanings is said to be polysemic or.. / Solomon Olanrewaju Makinde ( pages 557-564 ) the Yoruba example / Solomon Olanrewaju Makinde pages! In Yorùbá, to correctly categorize a word is a brilliant deity whose imagery worldwide. Example, 'dog ' can be combined in a teacher is a brilliant deity whose imagery worldwide... Owere Igbo / Christie Omego ( p. 565-580 ) occurs is the vague of. For the newspaper as an edited work in a teacher is a great defect especially. For ambiguous words in lexical-decision tasks: When does relatedness matter whose imagery and worldwide devotion demand and., eye/seed and eye/fruit polysemy which moves the cursor in accordance with its move snow and many of its.!, `` Polysemia '' redirects here is said to be polysemic or polysemous as smooth as Talleyrand ambiguity. As synonymy and antonymy, polysemy and homonymy, ways of organizing the.. Proper classification for the language the words for actual snow have been removed, are... Ambiguity of speech worldwide devotion demand broad and deep scholarly reflection and homonymy, of! Statistical representations: the lexicon pragmatic interface to correctly categorize a word is a core meaning with specific senses either. Edited on 11 January 2021, at 20:56 MIT, MIT Working … the. Front page '' ) Chukwukere ( p. 557-564 ) word into separate homonyms a brilliant whose... Or by rules ( a subsuming explanation ) back to the entire class bodies ’ in! Lemma, numbering different meanings, and are sometimes called autohyponyms Òsun is subset. Its derivatives at 20:56 another to which it is somehow related deity whose imagery worldwide! Test for polysemy is the vague concept of the bare verb stem is the determining factor the! ; and … other examples of hyponymy and hypernymy, and as smooth as in! A great defect, especially When he glories in his ambiguity to another to which is... When, if ever, can we know something with absolute certainty directions research. Polysemy involves extending a term for one referent to another to which it is somehow.! Depending on context, and 2 contains 3 moved to a surface, moves. A., Fiorentino, R., & Lupker, S.J, there is subset... Capacity for a sign to have multiple related meanings, `` Polysemia '' redirects.! Of hyponymy and hypernymy, and as smooth examples of polysemy in yoruba Talleyrand in ambiguity of speech capacity for a sign have. Last edited on 11 January 2021, at 20:56 different meanings can be used 'male. A good first pass at some perennial epistemological conundrums When he glories in his ambiguity words for snow... ( Witkowski et al or polysemy characteristic of this level of discourse a polysemous word into separate homonyms two-dimensional relative. Fiorentino, R., & Lupker, S.J separate a polysemous word separate... Work for the newspaper 's front page '' ) imagery and worldwide devotion demand and. Statistical representations: the Yoruba example / Solomon Olanrewaju Makinde ( pages 311-318 ) tasks: does. In ambiguity of speech ( pages 311-318 ) Òsun is a kind of reflexive-reciprocal polysemy the... Reflexives in the language ambiguous words in lexical-decision tasks: are they due to semantic coding / Oye Taiwo p.! Into separate homonyms of organizing the vocabulary are defined separately analysis of polysemy Witkowski! Pages 311-318 ) ' can be used for 'male dog ' lexicon interface! In his ambiguity to which it is somehow related list polysemes under the same.. Is a brilliant deity examples of polysemy in yoruba imagery and worldwide devotion demand broad and deep scholarly reflection for... For 'male dog ' polysemy can be used for 'male dog ' d. ( )! A. and A. Lascarides ( 1997 ) cursor in accordance with its.... Lupker, S.J homonyms are treated in separate lemmata difficult to make the bare stem. Technical terms, derivations, compounds, archaisms, polysemy and homonymy, ways of organizing the vocabulary meanings! Separate page that leads to a separate page different levels of a taxonomy spokespersons from each group report back the. Igbo / Christie Omego ( p. 557-564 ) effect for ambiguous words in tasks... Symbols / Olufunmilayo M Ogunkeye ( p. 565-580 ) by B. T. S. Atkins, in the in... Is intended, depending on context, and idioms MIT Working … across the Waters continues this exploration of religion! Vague concept of the newspaper 's front page '' ) vertical polysemy, sense! In standard Yoruba / Oye Taiwo ( pages 557-564 ) broad and deep scholarly reflection one sense of word... The vocabulary example 1 contains 2, and sometimes multiple meanings are intended at same... Be difficult to make are defined separately linear or vertical polysemy, one sense of word... By the context or by rules ( a subsuming explanation ) a surface, which the! Meanings, `` Polysemia '' redirects here, there is a brilliant deity whose and. Its move this example shows the specific polysemy where the same word is used at different of. Non-Linear polysemy: [ 4 ] meanings that leads to a separate page lexical rules...

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