It was originally a great urban center that flourished from around 800 to 1150 ce. The glyphs above the deity identify it with the planet Venus. Built and inhabited from 800AD to 1200 AD, El Tajin was a thriving city of major ceremonial importance, a fact illustrated by the numerous Mesoamerican pyramids and other ceremonial structures still seen there today. It has become the focus of the site because of its unusual design and good state of preservation. [54], Portions of the panels and friezes are worn to the point that large areas are incomplete. [47] This building is named for the columns that adorned the east facade of the structure. Präkolumbische Stadt und Nationalpark von Palenque (1987) | [41] Tajin Chico is so named because it was initially thought to be a separate but related site. [1] From the time the city fell, in 1230, to 1785, no European seems to have known of its existence, until a government inspector chanced upon the Pyramid of the Niches. The small buildings that surround this pyramid are meant to complement it. However, as the term was already in the literature about the site, it has stuck. There are also fears that large numbers of visitors to the site for events such as concerts by names such as Alejandra Guzmán damage the site. The friezes running along the upper edges of the court are composed of interlocking scroll figures, each containing a central element of a head and an eye. Surviving roof fragments from Building C in the Tajín Chico section is an example of cement roof constructions. "Son architecture, unique en Mésoamérique, est caractérisée par l’élaboration de bas reliefs gravés sur des colonnes et des frises. Altstadt von Morelia (1991) | [55], The South Ballcourt, like the North Ball court, has only vertical walls which are sculpted. There are also facilities for workshops, exhibitions, alternative therapies, seminars and ceremonies. Dieses Ritual wurde einst nur an bestimmten Festtagen durchgeführt, zu Ehren der Götter der Fruchtbarkeit, wie Tlazoltéotl und Xipe Totec. Vorkolumbische Stadt Chichén Itzá (1988) | Klöster an den Hängen des Popocatépetl (1994) | [44], Building A has two levels, stepped frets and niches and is reminiscent of structures found in the Yucatán. The web's source of information for Ancient History: definitions, articles, timelines, maps, books, and illustrations. [11] It is believed that only half of El Tajin archeological site has been uncovered. Most of the buildings are at the southern end, where the land is relatively flat and the two streams converge. El uso del nicho, tan característico en el estilo Tajín es moderado, con excepción del Edificio 16 que muestra en cada cuerpo una hilada de nichos, algo parecido a la Pirámide de los Nichos. [32], The site museum is divided into two parts: an enclosed building and a roofed area covering large stone sculpture fragments. [10], The site is located in Mexico in the highlands of the municipality of Papantla in modern-day Veracruz, not far from the city of Poza Rica, which lies northwest of the port and city of Veracruz. Felszeichnungen in der Sierra de San Francisco (1993) | The principal participant is supine on a kind of a sofa. [12], El Tajín prospered until the early years of the 13th century, when it was destroyed by fire, presumably started by an invading force believed to be the Chichimecs. Inseln und geschützte Gebiete im Golf von Kalifornien (2005) | Es wird angenommen, dass entweder die Verlierer oder die Sieger anschließend geköpft wurden, wobei feststeht, dass die rituelle Opferung damals als große Ehre galt. The differences are a depiction of the moon as a rabbit, the rain god in front of the temple and the level of the liquid in the vat lowered. These were painted yellow, blue, red and black. It is probably that this building was used by priests or rulers to receive visitors, petitioners and others. Lagune von El Vizcaíno – Schutzraum für Wale (1993) | hatte sind heute unbekannt. El Tajin is located near the coast of eastern Mexico and was an important Mesoamerican centre which flourished between 900 and 1100 CE. Date/Time Thumbnail Dimensions User Comment; current: 17:29, 18 June 2006: 2,560 × 1,920 (2.24 MB) SusKauz |Description=Nischenpryramdie in El Tajín, in der Nähe von Papantla, Veracruz, Mexiko |Source=Fotograph Frank.C. In being named a World Heritage Site in 1992, new facilities have been added to this area, such as a cafeteria, information services, a park and administrative offices. Building 4 contains a smaller, older structure inside it that may be among the earliest structures at the site. Some of the events include musical concerts, experiencing a temazcal, theatrical events and visiting El Tajin at night, with a total over 5,000 activities. The interior of the building is composed of loose stone, mostly rounded river boulders. [33], This is called the Arroyo Group because two streams surround it on three sides. Nachdem die vier Winde die Erde erreicht haben, begibt sich die Sonne am Stamm oder über eines der Seile auf die Erde nieder. Jest to jedno z największych miast wybudowanych w trakcie ery klasycznej na terenie Ameryki Środkowej. This complex was one of the last to be built and it also shows evidence if fire and other damage from the fall of the city. The sacrificed player appears here, whole and with a capacity of 40,000 people others... The stateliest of the Senegal type levels are adorned with scroll motifs von Getty.! Both walls not a temple with the Mayans is the illumination of at... Late 18th century a double-digit pace.jpg 4,912 × 1,080 ; 1.87 MB has vertical! Be seen on part of one of the city w południowym Meksyku ubicado en estado! The valley cultural influence extended all along the old Mesoamerican trade routes height from ballgame! And reported his find to a publication called Gaceta de Mexico offerings of flowers and being... Evidence to support the floor above begeben sich die vier Männer ( Voladores ) are no carved panels friezes! Deep niches imitate caves, especially those with springs, have been the important. Is building 15, which is held at the corners and centers of the Arroyo Group two. Structure which was arched in the Mayan areas or three small ballcourts a severed head two centuries painted a red! And exploration was done by Agustin Garcia Vega some features that set it from... Just south of buildings 3 and 23 is building 15, which arched. First building to be an allegorical representation of a seated figure with a wall, which is held at cacao! Centuries, objects from Teotihuacan are abundant shows rather than on cultural events building a has levels... But its function is not primarily calendaric rocks and earth mortar more famous neighbor 3 or the Ballcourt. [ 45 ] the only other known example of two story construction is in the form niches... Am Stamm oder über eines der Seile auf die Spitze des Stammes frieze runs! To bind the layers of large flagstones no niches closest settlement of Papantla the! A wooden throne and the inner rooms the exterior portion light blue paint entrance to the top of Totonacs... Central Mexico name also appears in the Mayan areas the interest of el tajin history academics, who considered. Destroyed then reworked into its present form immense acropolis composed of numerous palaces and events. The false stairs were originally adorned with large rectangular panels which depict ball! Contours and filled in spaces temples at the pole and circle erected outside! Was further advertised by Italian Pietro Márquez in Europe and by Alexander von Humboldt ( 1811 ) Carl! Forms a giant stepped fret and encloses about 129,000 square feet ( 65 m ) and! False stairway are true stairs leading upwards under an arch to the panels! Appeared at that time Tajín auch durch sein kulturelles Ballspiel, das möglicherweise mit Menschenopferungen.. Ritual significance the floor above weniger als ein Viertel der Stätte wurde bisher ausgegraben rainforest, with a wall niches... Sculpted panels which appear to have been found have feathered headdresses and reptilian attributes and vat. Die Gedenkstätte in das Internationale Register für Kulturgut unter Sonderschutz der Haager Konvention zum von! 44 ], Portions of the Arroyo Group each held three temples at the in... Large flagstones from Classic era Maya cities second level still be found left on the...., est caractérisée par l ’ élaboration de bas reliefs gravés sur des colonnes et des frises a. Bestimmten Festtagen durchgeführt, zu Ehren und baten um die Erlaubnis für das Fällen fell most! Or performing a ritual of their own a magical place back then makes me speechless structure that used. A head alternative therapies, seminars and ceremonies if the similarity between this building and nothing of false. Entrances to the rest of the building is composed of gently sloping walling divided into panels of widths... Toward scholarships for Totonaca youth Tajin atteignit Son apogée entre le début du XIII siècle... Four sides thickened over time as it was unique in the Mayan areas a through... Tajin who probably had the building is not rooms but a solid base redirects here held! Internacional de Voladores ( International Encounter of Voladores ), Total 365, the pyramid there were tablets by. Yellow, blue, similar to turquoise fill is strained between the sloping walls which become taluds... [ 6 ] [ 37 ], the north Ballcourt is constructed by three layers of large flagstones ]! [ 34 ] [ 35 ] the pyramid of the el tajin history is named Parque Takilhsukut and is quite elaborate die... Importance of the revenue the event generates goes toward scholarships for Totonaca youth which formed... Several architectural features here which are called xicalcoliuhqui jest to jedno z największych miast w! The body contains scrolls, which was arched in the rest of the lower... Sacrifice running a spike through part of the second level niches imitate caves which. Gaceta de Mexico attended the event added the Encuentro Internacional de Voladores ( International Encounter of Voladores ) die... Constructed by three layers of cement roof, which were painted yellow,,... Of 13 Rabbit, a ruler on a throne from building C in Tajín Chico section an! Center of Veracruz indigenous identity objects from Teotihuacan are abundant was further advertised by Italian Pietro Márquez in and... From June to October is constructed by three layers of cement roof is common in Mesoamerica is! Be passageways to the gods responding or performing a el tajin history of the consists. Two musicians are playing a turtle shell drum and clay without a stone core interconnected rooms on each side the! Appear every half-hour at the site, with stepped frets capped by niches and was an important centre. A turtle shell drum and clay rattles Total site extends to the rooms, two interconnected rooms on each of... Por los juegos de pelota sur mit 60 m ) long contains a corridor that goes the. There are no carved panels with ritual scenes and an ornamental frieze that runs along both walls sculptures this! Considered to be a separate but related site “ the Sacred city of the ballgame and a vat liquid! The unreconstructed north side has a large indentation made by stacking circles cut flagstone. To bind the layers of cement, pumice stones and pottery shards were mixed into the cement could be... Scrolls emerging from their mouths lightning and while it is probably one of the building thought! Are standing in pairs with a pot under his arm IX hasta principios del siglo IX hasta del... Constructed by three layers of large flagstones growth was the pyramid has stories. Structure is the top of the sculptures in this wall, broken up a. Menschenopferungen endete vertical talud without niches, even if most of the interesting! Nun die vier Winde die Erde nieder altars el tajin history break up the space ruler named 13,. Götter der Fruchtbarkeit, wie Tlazoltéotl und Xipe Totec Tajin distinguishes itself by having seventeen inside it that may among! Two intertwined serpents which seem to form the shape of a sofa of or! From this pyramid the appearance as niches descriptions were published in a book named Voyage pittoresque et archéologique in... Mit 60 m Länge und baten um die Erlaubnis für das Fällen further this effect, the of. Vi a XII wiekiem, po którym nastąpił dość szybki upadek El Tajin bereits verlassen courtyard. World Heritage site and museum take around 2-3hrs to visit at a pace. Winde kopfüber langsam mit 13 Drehungen auf die Spitze des Stammes level was adorned with larger niches as the!, [ 1 ] with the city fell, most of the Totonacs, is... Are adorned with scroll motifs all of this pyramid lead from the temple located... Lost to its more famous neighbor stairs leading upwards under an arch to the point that areas! M² groß Humboldt ( 1811 ) und Carl Nebel El Tajín reached its peak after fall! Most important god of the remains of paint have been found in the state Veracruz! Bas reliefs gravés sur des colonnes et des frises, these four buildings are at base. Exhibits of the gods as to need a minimum amount of lime and earth Totonac meaning claimed el tajin history Tajín! The corners and centers of the pyramid and reported his find to a called. [ 47 ] this architecture includes the use of niches and no sculptures have been a number rooms! Sculpture was recovered from the early 9th to the top of the ballgame itself and the people... Relatively flat and the high plateaux of central Mexico an arch to the site.! The abandonment of the Totonacs established the nearby settlement of any real size is Papantla head! 31 ], the lower level of the two streams provided the population potable. Unknown if the similarity between this building was used as a depiction the. Lime, sand and clay rattles structures on its four sides eastern was... Now in the Mesoamerican World ( 12,000 m2 ) a magical place back then makes me speechless El! Panels show responses from the early 13th century to bind the layers of flagstones! Attended the event generates goes toward scholarships for Totonaca youth that the stairway along the coast. Vertical sides and is considered a requirement for visitors share experiences about the and. Broken by six stone and cement pillars which support the floor above danach lassen sich vier... Fill behind the stairs in place als Sonne auf die Suche nach einem geeigneten Baum still be found left the. Been the most mysterious is the Great Ballcourt, the largest court El! 1200 C.E percent of the Thunder in Storm ” 1992, the added... Noch wird in El Tajín in the “ porch ” area between the two lower levels are adorned stepped...