The president of the Spanish Republic until nearly the end of the war was Manuel Azaa, an anticlerical liberal. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. All About the Cold War - AP Euro. He was a skilled draftsman, best known for the striking, bizarre, and beautiful images in his surrealist work. The Three Emperor's League consisted of Francis Joseph of Austria-Hungary, William I of Germany, and Alexander II of Russia but was formed mainly by Julius Andrssy, Bismarck, and Prince Gorchakov to keep peace between Austria-Hungary and Russia and to keep the conservative European forces together. Spanish Civil War, (193639), military revolt against the Republican government of Spain, supported by conservative elements within the country. It resulted in three major treaties: Four-Power Treaty, Five-Power Treaty and the Nine-Power Treaty and a number of smaller agreements. The ship had ten guns and was bigger and faster than previous ships. Dont have an account? Nationalists took control quickly, in many cases aided by supplies from Benito First published in 1929, it was based on a series of lectures she delivered at Newnham College and Girton College, two women's colleges at Cambridge University in 1928. a German novelist, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and 1929 Nobel Prize laureate, known for his series of highly symbolic and often ironic epic novels and mid-length stories, noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and intellectual. Bismarck allied Germany with Austria-Hungary and then with Italy in 1882. 100 Years' War Four causes are a dynastic dispute, Duchy of Aquitaine (England claim as ancient inheritance, Edward III claim Aquitaine and FR throne as edest heir of Philip the Frair), civil war in FR made war longer, economic factors (Flanders wool important to ENG). AP European History Past Exam Questions Free-Response Questions Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. List of foreign correspondents in the Spanish Civil War Picasso, who had allied himself with the Republican cause, read about the massacre of defenseless civilians and the theme of the mural for the Spanish Pavilion suddenly presented itself. The union of Austria with Germany, resulting from the occupation of Austria by the German army in 1938. a region of Czechoslovakia where many Germans lived; demanded by Hitler in 1938 to have control of this land; when Czechs refused, Hitler threatened war. The coup evolved into the Spanish Civil War during which he led the right-wing Nationalists against the Republicans. Omissions? For the past five years, Tracy has dedicated a yearly three-day Spanish Civil War unit to his AP European History class. After winning the civil war he presided over the government of the Spanish State. The European powers created an independent kingdom in Albania to keep the peace but this did not satisfy Serbia, Russia, or Greece and was a leading cause of the events that sparked the First World War. a failed coup d'tat that occurred between the evening of Thursday, November 8 and the early afternoon of Friday, November 9, 1923, when the Nazi party's Fhrer Adolf Hitler, the popular World War I General Erich Ludendorff, and other leaders of the Kampfbund, unsuccessfully tried to gain power in Munich, Bavaria, and Germany. When an initial military coup failed to win control of the entire country, a bloody civil war ensued, fought with great ferocity on both sides. AP Euro Unit 5 Vocab Flashcards | Quizlet A British army general who defeated the Germans at El Alamein in Egypt, and began pursuing them westward. The following day the remnant of the Republican government surrendered; Franco would establish himself as dictator and remain in power until his death on November 20, 1975. Because the Russians held the line, the Germans were pushed back, and never recovered. The Spanish-American War lasted only six weeks and resulted in a decisive victory for the United States. an influential Swiss Reformed Christian theologian. June 6, 1944 the day on which the Battle of Normandy began commencing the Western Allied effort to liberate mainland Europe from Nazi occupation during World War II. Between these extremes were other groups covering the political spectrum from monarchism and conservatism through liberalism to socialism, including a small communist movement divided among followers of the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and his archrival, Leon Trotsky. leadership. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. ammunition, and was beset by incompetent junior officers and political factions The Republicans tried to turn their rag-tag militia into an effective fighting Had they taken Stalingrad, they could have gone to Moscow, and would never have been defeated. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. By July 21 the rebels had achieved control in Spanish Morocco, the Canary Islands, and the Balearic Islands (except Minorca) and in the part of Spain north of the Guadarrama mountains and the Ebro River, except for Asturias, Santander, and the Basque provinces along the north coast and the region of Catalonia in the northeast. Seeking allies against the threat of Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union had embraced a Popular Front strategy, and, as a result, the Comintern directed Spanish communists to support the Republicans. In the ensuing years, the government became increasingly divided between the socialists of the extreme left and the monarchists of the extreme right. The start date of Operation Overlord. At that time Spain was in the grip of a civil war and in April 1937, in broad daylight, the population of the small town of Guernica in the Republican-held Basque region of Spain was devastated by German bombers and fighters from the Condor Legion acting on General Franco's orders. When an initial military coup failed to win control of the entire country, a bloody civil war ensued, fought with great ferocity on both sides. One cause was that Spain wanted Independence In 1931, leftist Republican parties triumphed in municipal and national elections, forcing Alfonso to leave Spain. The rebels A diverse bunch,. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed the future of Europe but their failure to reach meaningful agreements soon led to the onset of the Cold War. The war also had mobilized many artists and intellectuals to take up arms. The number of persons killed in the Spanish Civil War can be only roughly estimated. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West. AKA Battle of the Ardennes started on December 16, 1944. planned by the Germans was to split the British and American Allied line in half, capturing Antwerp and then proceeding to encircle and destroy four Allied armies, forcing the Western Allies to negotiate a peace treaty in the Axis's favor. Printer Friendly. Corrections? (1934-1939; facsimile images) Trabajadores: The Spanish Civil War through the Eyes of Organised Labour; Digital access to over 13,000 pages of archival materials provided by the University of Warwick . his people viewed him as a god. Many people who believed in Pan-Slavism wanted Russia to extend its borders into the Balkans. great quantity. The matter of how many were killed remains highly contentious; however, it is generally believed that the toll of Nationalist violence was higher. The Triple Alliance was begun in 1879 by Bismarck, who wanted to keep France at a distance. The right reacted with fervor. until his death in 1975. Please wait while we process your payment. The other great thing about teaching the Spanish Civil War in a European history class is its incredible wealth of documents. a British single-seat fighter aircraft that was designed and predominantly built by Hawker Aircraft Ltd. Ch. By February 1939, 250,000 Republican soldiers, together with an equal number of civilians, had fled across the border into France. Many more small nations joined the Allies. was a French painter and sculptor who, with Pablo Picasso, developed cubism and became one of the major figures of twentieth-century art. The U.S. Army in the Pacific had been pursuing an "island-hopping" campaign, moving north from Australia towards Japan. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. He led a failed military coup against the democratically elected republican government. The Allied Powers consisted mainly of Great Britain (the entirety of its empire), France, Russia, the United States, and Italy. It was basically a sense of nationalism amongst the Slavic people, especially Russians, who believed that their country was destined to become a great empire. Ch. 28 AP Euro Vocab Terms Flashcards | Quizlet For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! Catalonia fell during February, and Valencia and Madrid collapsed BY SPRING 1936 THE PLOT TO OVERTHROW THE OUTBREAK OF THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR COUP D'?TAT Generals Mola, Goded, Fanjul and Franco (later) Sanjurjo was nominal leader but he was in exile in Portugal Mola became the main organiser Included lots of younger, more junior officers Met 8 March 1936 Agreed that if Caballero took . The Germans were far less generous, but sent the famous Condor This man led the Fascists, fighting republican forces. A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. For the full article, see. The Bosnian crisis occurred when Austria, who had made a previous agreement with Russia to support opening up the Straits for warships if Russia supported Austria. The Visual Front: Posters of the Spanish Civil War; From the Southworth Spanish Civil War Collection at the University of California at San Diego. a Swiss psychiatrist and founder of analytical psychology. | In this a document that is an attempt to control king (Charles I) included: -no taxes unless approved by Parliament -no forced loans, no martial law in peacetime, no imprisonment without trial, no quartering of soldiers -KING NOT ABOVE LAW Charles agreed to the petition only because he needed the money lead up to Civil War Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. stirred by the Nationalists were easily defeated in many cities where the loyal Spanish Civil War, (193639) Military revolt against the government of Spain. Her most famous works include the novels Mrs. Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927), and Orlando (1928), and the book-length essay A Room of One's Own (1929) with its famous dictum, "a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction". adjective. seven agreements negotiated at Locarno, Switzerland on 5 October - 16 October 1925 and formally signed in London on December 1, in which the World War I Western European Allied powers and the new states of central and Eastern Europe sought to secure the post-war territorial settlement, in return normalizing relations with defeated Germany (which was, by this time, the Weimar Republic). Republicans was the presence of the International Brigades. French politician, was the Prime Minister of France three times: from 1936 to 1937, for one month in 1938, and from December 1946 to January 1947. by the end of March. Initial Nationalist zone July 1936 a diplomatic conference, held in Washington, D.C. from November 1921 to February 1922. In August 1936, France joined Britain, the Soviet Union, Germany, and Italy in signing a nonintervention agreement that would be ignored by the Germans, Italians, and Soviets. and Barcelona. Present were Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and Charles de Gaulle. their involvement, and hundreds of airplanes were sent, along with tanks and They captured the Basque northern provinces in the summer of 1937 and then Asturias, so that by October they held the whole northern coast. The Second Balkan War was over Albania, a mainly Muslim region in the Adriatic. a German film director, dancer and actress, and widely noted for her aesthetics and advances in film technique. Gavrilo Princip was a member of a secret society named Black Hand and was the assassinator of Franz Ferdinand. In response, France, under Poincar, occupied the Ruhr Area. On the other side, the Republican, were urban workers, most agricultural labourers, and many of the educated middle class. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Unsuccessful German attack on the city of Stalingrad during World War II from 1942 to 1943, that was the furthest extent of German advance into the Soviet Union. force, beginning in October 1936 with the creation of the Popular Army, which, organization founded after World War II to promote international peace and cooperation. PDF AP EUROPEAN HISTORY FRQs (1974-2004) - Roseville Joint Union High aircraft and Soviet military advisors. The Soviet Union contributed equipment and supplies to the Republicans, who also received help from the Mexican government. fast, maneuverable British fighter plane that helped England win the Battle of Britain. Think about the basics of teaching young people . The Spanish Civil War Began on July 17th, 1936 The mutiny in July 1936 by army units stationed in Spanish Morocco was the prelude to a three-year bloody civil war. The thirty Years war was principally fought throughout Central Europe and involved most of the countries in Europe. More recent estimates have been closer to 500,000 or less. Serbia occupied part of Albania (and was supported by Russia), the Greeks claimed a part, and parts had been promised to Italy.