Which of the following portions of the neuron transmits neurotransmitters? Integrate. B) the Na ions have been pumped back into the cell analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions. Which of the following is a factor that determines the rate of impulse propagation, or conduction velocity, along an axon? They propel cellular components along microtubules. D) positively charged and contains more sodium, If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon ________. B) afferent neuron 75. The cells communicate by sending signals between different parts of the brain, and the neurons can interface with gray matter nuclei. Then, underline the verb in parentheses that agrees with the subject. a) axon b) axon hillock c) dendrites d) soma, Which of the following is not a structural feature of a neuron? Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? d. They are the same as any other cells. A postsynaptic cell can be a neuron, a muscle cell, or a secretory cell. d. increased protection of the brain. When activated, shortens C. Found in the brain and spinal cord. The cerebral cortex has features called gyri and sulci. An experimental drug that reduces the release of chemicals that inhibit axon growth may: Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? The cell body is the metabolic center of the neuron. D) A single type of channel will open, permitting simultaneous flow of sodium and potassium. D) size of action potentials, Bipolar neurons are commonly ________. A scientist who wanted to determine how inflammation in the brain was occurring in a 13. a. Neurons communicate with other neurons in the central nervous system. b. d. Extrapyramidal System. These include nerve cells (or neurons) and glial cells (or glia ). d. tremor. a. Schwann cells b. satellite cells c. microglia d. astrocytes e. oligodendrocytes f. ependymal cells. The latter from the brain to the spinal cord. d. Hypothalamus, 37. 14. To find the time when this object reaches the position x=0x=0x=0 we can use the quadratic formula, or apply the following two-step procedure: (a) Use Equation v2=v02+2a(xx0)=v02+2axv^2=v_0^2+2 a\left(x-x_0\right)=v_0^2+2 a \Delta xv2=v02+2a(xx0)=v02+2ax to show that the velocity of the object when it reaches x=0x=0x=0 is given by v=v022ax0v=\pm \sqrt{v_0^2-2 a x_0}v=v022ax0. 8. d. The blood-brain barrier, 17. Neurons are a type of cell and are part of the nervous system. What type of channel on the postsynaptic membrane binds neurotransmitter? Which of the following IS NOT a description of a neuron? . Which type of microglial cells promote inflammation? a. basal ganglia 10. d. proteins. C) the impulse would spread bidirectionally 4. d. at the axon terminal. C) proteins have been resynthesized b. ANS stimulation of involuntary effectors is always excitatory. Be They are the fundamental units that send and receive signals which allow us to move our muscles, feel the external world, think, form memories and much more. Specialized cells in the nervous system that control behavior, senses, and movement are called: a. neurons. Neurons are the cells that make up the brain and the nervous system. myelinated; move from one node of Ranvier to another. Contains cells with macrophage activity c. Exhibits regenerative capacities d. Contains lymphatic vessel. B) negatively charged and contains less sodium b. hypothalamus . True or False, The nodes of Ranvier are found only on myelinated, peripheral neuron processes. Which of the following best describes the function of astrocytes? lowers the probability of producing an action potential. ________ potentials are short-lived, local changes in membrane potential that can be either depolarized or hyperpolarized. Which of the followings cells accounts for roughly half of the volume of the nervous system? Increased diameter results in increased surface area on the membrane for sodium channels. The characteristic neurologic picture including loss of consciousness, temporary respiratory arrest, and loss of reflexes. b. reduce the activity of postganglionic sympathetic neurons. Current flows continuously, Local current flows a. Oligodendrocytes a. Alzheimer's disease. b) Myelinated axons transmit nerve impulses in the same manner as unmyelinated axons. b. Somatic Nervous System C) frequency of action potentials What process does this interfere with and what would be the consequence? B) If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon ________. d. a transcription factor. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. Classify Neurons by 3 Structures. B) chloride d. pineal gland. (a . 78. a) Neurons are specialized to conduct electrical impulses. Specialized cells in the nervous system that control behavior, senses, and movement are. A) Group C fibers are not capable of saltatory conduction. Central Nervous System 1 and Klioutchnikov et al. A) motor neurons d. Neurotrophins. Neurons are located both in the CNS and on the periphery. b. prevent electrical impulses from traveling down axons. c. Generate ATP. A neuron is a cell that communicates with the brain. 1. d. the structure is anterior to the area. a. b. motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles. Numerous Nissl bodies were observed, indicating that the neurons had a high ability to synthesize proteins. Is the information in this quote about afferent of efferent? c. Hippocampus Psych 4035 Ch 3 Practice and Reading Quizzes, David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis, Charles Welsh, Cynthia Prentice-Craver, David Shier, Jackie Butler, Ricki Lewis, Chapter 3 Formatting Documents- Val Caylor. b. cause inattention. What is the role of calcium in synaptic activity? The axon hillock is located: Longevity 2. b. Reactive astrocytes a. on dendrites. Which of the following is not a structural feature of a neuron? O They generate very fast O They are long when compared to other cells in the body O They help carry oxygen to different body parts O They do not have a nucleus. 46. B) They can form on receptor endings. a. Epigenetic markers A disease that destroyed astrocytes would be expected to: b. M3 (a) microglia (b) oligodendrocytes (c) ependymal cells (d) astrocytes. ___________ are clusters of neuron cell bodies in the sympathetic and parasympathetic c. provide the defense for the CNS. B) short distance depolarization D. Involved in fast-acting body control. Which membrane potential occurs because of the influx of Na+ through chemically gated channels in the receptive region of a neuron? B) Specific potassium gates will open. True or False, Some neurotransmitters can be either excitatory or inhibitory depending upon the receptor. b. medulla. b. on the soma. c. the person had a past traumatic brain injury. A) peripheral and spinal nerves B) brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves C) brain and spinal cord D) spinal cord and spinal nerves. If physicians found that inflammation had caused damage to the blood-brain barrier, which D) the impulse would move to the axon terminal only, and the muscle contraction would occur, Which of the following neurotransmitters inhibits pain and is mimicked by morphine, heroin, and methadone? Which of the following mechanisms is most significant in returning Na+ and K+ concentrations to resting ionic conditions (from point D to point E)? Neurons differ in their morphology and function. They are robust signaling cells. 42. A. c. basal ganglia. The nervous system most dominant while relaxing is the: Which of the following is correct? A drug that caused someone to make a reckless decision might be affecting the: As you start working out, you notice that your heart rate and breathing rate start to increase. 15. b. inhibit axon growth. Which of the following are true about neurons? The resting membrane potential is maintained by Na+-K+ pumps that actively transport __ into and ___ out of the cell. Neurons that carry impulses the central nervous system to the muscles or glands are called neurons or motor neurons. A gap between Schwann cells in the peripheral system is called a(n) ________. The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called a (n) ________. the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Which of the following would be most likely to increase heart rate? b. transcription factors. 33. a. sensory neuron b. interneuron c. motor neuron d. gland e. muscle. A Pyrex container is completely filled with 275cm3275 \mathrm{~cm}^3275cm3 of mercury at 10.0C10.0{\degree} \mathrm{C}10.0C. c) Neurons are the most abundant type of cell in nervous tissue. d. Neurogenetics. d. frontal lobe. The reticular activating system includes all of the following structures except: 77. A substance that directly activates gene transcription is likely acting as a: c. Extrapyramidal System d. pituitary gland. (a) Cell body (b) Dendrites (c) Axon (d) All of the above are structural features of a neuron. Which of the following is the mechanism by which these viruses travel from the ganglia (located within the head . 15. Growing numbers of sodium channels appear spontaneously in the demyelinated fibers so that conduction resumes, even if slower. Expert Answer. b. Ventral root It is important when reducing any model to first identify these characteristic behaviours. What are the neuron functions for the peripheral nervous system? D) spinal cord and spinal nerves, The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called a(n) ________. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. (c) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. Conduct chemo-electrical impulses. Both excitatory and inhibitory potentials impinge on neurons. c. gene duplication. The generation of an action potential in a neuron requires the presence what type of membrane channels? a. Activation of preganglionic sympathetic neurons C) negatively charged and contains more sodium What is the role of acetylcholinesterase? What are the basic divisions of the peripheral nervous system? c. neurons. There are three types of neurons. negatively charged and contains less sodium. Cell body c. Ganglion d. Axon, Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle? c. that a person is genetically male. Explain why some forms of MS are characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation. 54. b. Neurons would be unable to form the blood-brain barrier. B) type of stimulus receptor Classify Neurons by their Function. c. synapses. b. Sensory afferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. (a) Voltage-gated calcium channels open (b) Neurotransmitter binds to receptors (c) Action potential arrives at axon terminal (d) Neurotransmitter is removed from the synaptic cleft (e) Neurotransmitter released into synaptic cleft (f) Graded potential generated in postsynaptic cell, (c) Action potential arrives at axon terminal (a) Voltage-gated calcium channels open (e) Neurotransmitter released into synaptic cleft (b) Neurotransmitter binds to receptors (f) Graded potential generated in postsynaptic cell (d) Neurotransmitter is removed from the synaptic cleft. Identify the neuron type described: Two functional neuron types that are structurally multipolar neurons. All preganglionic neurons in the ANS are cholinergic. A person suffering from an inability to speak the word she intends to say, sometimes Just what does pass from the neuron to the muscle cells and, Which neuroglial cell type in the CNS is associated with many functions including support for neurons, forming a blood-brain barrier, secretion of neurotrophic factors, and uptake of K+ and neurotransmitters? b. increasing glial scarring. D. They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate., These cells in the CNS have cilia that move in order to circulate cerebrospinal fluid ________. likely true? Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials? 31. a.) having a low appetite. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neurons? The Quadratic Formula from Kinematics In this problem we show how the kinematic equations of motion can be used to derive the quadratic formula. Which component has a role in the postsynaptic cell during synaptic activity? B) excitatory potential The plasma membrane of the neuron is semipermeable, being highly permeable to K + and slightly permeable to Cl and Na +.In the extracellular fluid, electroneutrality is preserved by a balance between a high concentration of Na + on the one hand and a high concentration of Cl , as . What are the functional classifications of neurons? a. midbrain. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. d. the hypothalamus. A drug that increases appetite would likely affect: A researcher found that a drug increased heart rate. b) Myelin prevents conduction of electricity from the axon hillock to the axon terminal. c. pons 2. All of the following describe the functions of astrocytes except: a. M4 A) long distance signaling Stimulation of initial axon segment Resting potentials are not just characteristics of nerve cells; all cells in the body have resting potentials. During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative. It is the main component of the nervous system- both the central nervous and peripheral nervous system. In each of the following sentences, circle the phrase following the subject. b. cingulate cortex. researcher would: A thirestold potential must be excecded or reached. After peripheral nerve injuries, damaged axons can regenerate but functional recovery is limited by the specific reinnervation of targets. C) An excitatory postsynaptic potential occurs if the excitatory effect is greater than the inhibitory effect but less than threshold. b. astrocytes respond to injury. a. synapses. The concentration of __ is higher outside than inside the cell. A drug that reduces the activity of the amygdala would likely: They may live as long as the organism they are part of, and they have an exceptionally high metabolic rate, requiring large amounts of glucose and oxygen to produce ATP. likely acting upon? The cerebellum is located in the: A) Ions always move actively across membranes through leakage channels. are crucial for the development of neural connections. a. Functional genomics Because all action potentials are alike, how does the brain separate situations that require immediate attention from ordinary "positional" reports? The landscaping business for the area totaled about$1,340,000 for the year. a. Astrocytes When a gene is activated, a specific DNA segment is unraveled and transcribed onto: What does myelin do for neurons? However, the electrical impulses cannot pass directly from a nerve cell to the skeletal muscle cells to excite them. Which of the following describes the ANS? A) a change in sodium ion permeability B) Ions always move passively across membranes. B) anchor neurons to blood vessels Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase. a) norepinephrine b) cholinesterase c) gamma aminobutyric acid d) acetylcholine. What are the different classes of neurons and their functions? A) They conduct impulses. They conduct impulses. 19. If a drug severely depressed the functioning of the medulla, which of the following might be Which of the following is not true of graded potentials? C) They increase amplitude as they move away from the stimulus point. (a) dendrites (b) cell body (c) myelin (d) axon terminal. likely to occur? Different types of neurons include sensory, motor, and interneurons, as well as structurally-based neurons, which include unipolar, multipolar, bipolar, and pseudo-unipolar neurons. a) ion b) cholinesterase c) neurotransmitter d) biogenic amine. c. cause the release of neurotrophins. 1.Sensory. Discover and discuss the meaning of dendrites, axon, membrane polarization, membrane depolarization, and synapses. C. Afferent. d. The patient is at risk of a Mendelian disease. c. The person may stop breathing. b. Gliosis Give a valid explanation of why this could occur. They have high energy requirements (about 20 per. If a neuroscientist stated that a brain structure had efferent neurons, what can be concluded? d. Neurons. 51. c. meninges. c. hippocampus. Define neurotransmitter. Which division of your nervous system is generating this response? D) voltage regulated repolarization, Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are ________. Estimate the number of moles of Ar in a typical lightbulb. c. myelin around axons. a. medulla. First, consider an object with an initial position x0x_0x0, an initial velocity v0v_0v0, and an acceleration aaa. (a) hardened cells and neurons (b) neurons and supporting cells (c) chondrocytes and neurons (d) neuronocytes and smooth muscle cells. A) act as a transmitting agent c. epigenetic stimulus. d . This is an example of: d. the person has a history of drug abuse. c. Dendrites and cell bodies are found in the lateral gray columns of thoracic and the firs, Which type of neuron transmits impulses from the central nervous system to effectors such as muscles and glands? What is the role of microglial cells and why are they so important in the CNS? Allow ions to move in and out of its cellular membrane. Unipolar neurons have axons structurally divided into peripheral and central processes, Neurons in the CNS are organized into functional groups, If bacteria invaded the CNS tissue, microglia would migrate to the area to engulf and destroy them, The nodes of Ranvier are found only on myelinated, peripheral neuron processes. c. Ganglia b. Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase. The autonomic has two divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic. They secrete acetylcholine. A neuron was found to originate in the hippocampus and terminate in the prefrontal cortex. d. that a person has autochromosomal traits. The small layer of tissue surrounding the cerebral aqueduct in the brain is called: d. motor neuron. Choose the correct order of these events below. Its cell body is in an autonomic ganglion outside the CNS. The prefrontal cortex is important for working memory function. True or False, Large-diameter nerve fibers conduct impulses much faster than small-diameter fibers. What are the different types of neurons in the ANS and where are they located? When the neurons were damaged, the number of Nissl corpuscles decreased significantly . 1.Introduction. B They have extreme longevity. Enkephalins and endorphins are peptides that act like morphine. d. Sensory efferent neurons po. E) provide the defense for the CNS, Which of the choices below describes the ANS? b. the blood-brain barrier c. Proteoglycans Damage to the hypothalamus may alter someone's motivation to eat. capacity of divide via mitosis due to absence of centrosomes. 1. The part of the neuron responsible for receiving, integrating, and sending nerve impulses is the A. dendrite. Some ions are prevented from moving down their concentration gradients by ATP-driven pumps. b. autosomal chromosomes. a. d. endothelial cells., 2. a. C) serotonin b. Glossopharyngeal nerve D) gamma aminobutyric acid, Which of the following describes the nervous system integrative function? glia b.) What do neurons synapse with? Myelination of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system is the job of the oligodendrocyte, Efferent nerve fibers may be described as motor nerve fibers. Some axon terminals contain more than one kind of neurotransmitter. d. it fills spaces in the brain. B) brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves Sensory Neurons Motor Neurons Inter-Neurons Enkephalins and endorphins are peptides that act like morphine. B) They have extreme longevity. A. Myelin insulates neurons, keeping them at a high enough temperature to function well. Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are ________. Question. C) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. 63. d. cause a tremor. C) negatively charged and contains more sodium. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are _____., Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? The following is a list of characteristics of neurons: - Neurons are cells that specialized in the transmission of electrical impulses. The characteristics that vary on a continuum among people, such as height, skin color, or intelligence, are most likely determined by polygenic inheritance. B) endorphin the somatic nervous system. The comparison demonstrates that the suggested controller closely tracks the reference voltage than the .